2,134 research outputs found
Microlensing Events from Measurements of the Deflection Angle
Microlensing events are now regularly being detected by monitoring the flux
of a large number of potential sources and measuring the combined magnification
of the images. This phenomenon could also be detected directly from the
gravitational deflection, by means of high precision astrometry using
interferometry. Relative astrometry at the level of 10\muas may become
possible in the near future. The gravitational deflection can be measured by
astrometric monitoring of a bright star having a background star within a small
angular separation. This type of monitoring program will be carried out for the
independent reasons of discovering planets from the angular motion they induce
on the nearby star around which they are orbiting, and for measuring
parallaxes, proper motions and orbits of binary stars. We discuss three
applications of the measurement of gravitational deflections by astrometric
monitoring: measuring the mass of the bright stars that are monitored,
measuring the mass of brown dwarfs or giant planets around the bright stars,
and detecting microlensing events by unrelated objects near the line of sight
to the two stars. We discuss the number of stars whose mass could be measured
by this procedure. We also give expressions for the number of expected
microlensing events by unrelated objects, which could be stars, brown dwarfs,
or other compact objects accounting for dark matter in the halo or in the disk.Comment: submitted to ApJ Letter
A Comparison of Near-Infrared Photometry and Spectra for Y Dwarfs with a New Generation of Cool Cloudy Models
We present YJHK photometry, or a subset, for the six Y dwarfs discovered in
WISE data by Cushing et al.. The data were obtained using NIRI on the Gemini
North telescope. We also present a far-red spectrum obtained using GMOS-North
for WISEPC J205628.90+145953.3. We compare the data to Morley et al. (2012)
models, which include cloud decks of sulfide and chloride condensates. We find
that the models with these previously neglected clouds can reproduce the energy
distributions of T9 to Y0 dwarfs quite well, other than near 5um where the
models are too bright. This is thought to be because the models do not include
departures from chemical equilibrium caused by vertical mixing, which would
enhance the abundance of CO, decreasing the flux at 5um. Vertical mixing also
decreases the abundance of NH_3, which would otherwise have strong absorption
features at 1.03um and 1.52um that are not seen in the Y0 WISEPC
J205628.90+145953.3. We find that the five Y0 to Y0.5 dwarfs have 300 < T_eff K
< 450, 4.0 < log g < 4.5 and f_sed ~ 3. These temperatures and gravities imply
a mass range of 5 - 15 M_Jupiter and ages around 5 Gyr. We suggest that WISEP
J182831.08+265037.8 is a binary system, as this better explains its luminosity
and color. We find that the data can be made consistent with observed trends,
and generally consistent with the models, if the system is composed of a T_eff
= 325 K and log g ~ 4.0
secondary, corresponding to masses of 10 and 7 M_Jupiter and an age around 2
Gyr. If our deconvolution is correct, then the T_eff = 300 K cloud-free model
fluxes at K and W2 are too faint by 0.5 - 1.0 magnitudes. We will address this
discrepancy in our next generation of models, which will incorporate water
clouds and mixing.Comment: 39 pages, 10 Figures, 8 Tables. Accepted by ApJ. This revision
replaces Figures 9 and 10 with B & W versions, corrects figure captions for
color online only, corrects references. Text is unchanged. Tables 3, 4 and 8
are available at http://www.gemini.edu/staff/sleggett, other model data are
available at http://www.ucolick.org/~cmorley/cmorley/Data.htm
Resolved Spectroscopy of the T8.5 and Y0-0.5 Binary WISEPC J121756.91+162640.2AB
We present 0.9 - 2.5 um resolved spectra for the ultracool binary WISEPC
J121756.91+162640.2AB. The system consists of a pair of brown dwarfs that
straddles the currently defined T/Y spectral type boundary. We use synthetic
spectra generated by model atmospheres that include chloride and sulfide clouds
(Morley et al.), the distance to the system (Dupuy & Kraus), and the radius of
each component based on evolutionary models (Saumon & Marley) to determine a
probable range of physical properties for the binary. The effective temperature
of the T8.5 primary is 550 - 600 K, and that of the Y0 - Y0.5 secondary is 450
K. The atmospheres of both components are either free of clouds or have
extremely thin cloud layers. We find that the masses of the primary and
secondary are 30 and 22 M_Jup, respectively, and that the age of the system is
4 - 8 Gyr. This age is consistent with astrometric measurements (Dupuy & Kraus)
that show that the system has kinematics intermediate between those of the thin
and thick disks of the Galaxy. An older age is also consistent with an
indication by the H - K colors that the system is slightly metal-poor.Comment: 21 pages which include 6 Figures and 3 Tables. Accepted on November 8
2013 for publication in Ap
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