Guiding climate compatible development: User-orientated analysis of planning tools and methodologies

The focus on climate compatible development (CCD) as an aim for development in a changing climate reflects a growing recognition that mitigation, adaptation and development need to be tackled together, not as separate issues. However, given that CCD is an emergent area of work and study, the availability of guidance resources to assist in bringing the three issues together is limited. This report identifies and analyses the currently available tools and methodologies for adaptation, mitigation and development, in an attempt to guide decision makers towards climate compatible development pathways. Three main research questions are addressed in this report: 1. What tools and methodologies that address climate compatible development or its related aspects currently exist? 2. To what extent do these tools currently satisfy user needs in delivering climate compatible development? 3. Where are there gaps, and what is needed in order to plan climate compatible development? Several findings have emerged from the analysis of the tools: - Many tools have been implemented by users on a ‘do it yourself’ basis, even though the tool developers have built a guided process. - In several categories, the tools are very diverse. For example, in their integration across adaptation, mitigation and development, level of stakeholder involvement, costs, and extent of guidance material. - In a number of categories, the tools are similar in having a high frequency of use and low training requirements. - Most tools apply to the early steps of the policy cycle stages, namely problems identification, assessment of options and selection of policies. Fewer tools assist in the policy implementation and evaluation stages.This study was commissioned by the Climate and Development Knowledge Network (CDKN)

Potassium uptake in the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 mainly depends on a Ktr-like system encoded by slr1509 (ntpJ)

AbstractThe molecular basis of potassium uptake in cyanobacteria has not been elucidated. However, genes known from other bacteria to encode potassium transporters can be identified in the genome of Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803. Mutants defective in kdpA and ntpJ were generated and characterized to address the role of the Kdp and KtrAB systems in this strain. KtrAB is crucial for K+ uptake, as the ΔntpJ mutant shows slowed growth, slowed potassium uptake kinetics, and increased salt sensitivity. The ΔkdpA mutant has the same phenotype as the wild type even at limiting potassium, but a ΔkdpAΔntpJ double mutant is not viable, indicating a role of Kdp for potassium uptake when the Ktr system is not functioning

G8 Climate Scorecards

The report concludes with a global cumulative GHG emission cap for the period from 2010 till 2050. It outlines mid-term and long-term cumulative emission allowances for key countries under the three equity approaches and trajectories for these countries to keep global warming below 2 degrees Celsius. The objective of the report is to initiate a constructive debate among and foster long-term commitments of the parties while moving towards a fair, ambitious and binding Copenhagen agreement

description and performance

We developed a coupled regional climate system model based on the CCLM regional climate model. Within this model system, using OASIS3-MCT as a coupler, CCLM can be coupled to two land surface models (the Community Land Model (CLM) and VEG3D), the NEMO-MED12 regional ocean model for the Mediterranean Sea, two ocean models for the North and Baltic seas (NEMO-NORDIC and TRIMNP+CICE) and the MPI-ESM Earth system model. We first present the different model components and the unified OASIS3-MCT interface which handles all couplings in a consistent way, minimising the model source code modifications and defining the physical and numerical aspects of the couplings. We also address specific coupling issues like the handling of different domains, multiple usage of the MCT library and exchange of 3-D fields. We analyse and compare the computational performance of the different couplings based on real-case simulations over Europe. The usage of the LUCIA tool implemented in OASIS3-MCT enables the quantification of the contributions of the coupled components to the overall coupling cost. These individual contributions are (1) cost of the model(s) coupled, (2) direct cost of coupling including horizontal interpolation and communication between the components, (3) load imbalance, (4) cost of different usage of processors by CCLM in coupled and stand-alone mode and (5) residual cost including i.a. CCLM additional computations. Finally a procedure for finding an optimum processor configuration for each of the couplings was developed considering the time to solution, computing cost and parallel efficiency of the simulation. The optimum configurations are presented for sequential, concurrent and mixed (sequential+concurrent) coupling layouts. The procedure applied can be regarded as independent of the specific coupling layout and coupling details. We found that the direct cost of coupling, i.e. communications and horizontal interpolation, in OASIS3-MCT remains below 7 % of the CCLM stand-alone cost for all couplings investigated. This is in particular true for the exchange of 450 2-D fields between CCLM and MPI-ESM. We identified remaining limitations in the coupling strategies and discuss possible future improvements of the computational efficiency

The COSMO-CLM 4.8 regional climate model coupled to regional ocean, land surface and global earth system models using OASIS3-MCT: description and performance

We developed a coupled regional climate system model based on the CCLM regional climate model. Within this model system, using OASIS3-MCT as a coupler, CCLM can be coupled to two land surface models (the Community Land Model (CLM) and VEG3D), the NEMO-MED12 regional ocean model for the Mediterranean Sea, two ocean models for the North and Baltic seas (NEMO-NORDIC and TRIMNP+CICE) and the MPI-ESM Earth system model. We first present the different model components and the unified OASIS3-MCT interface which handles all couplings in a consistent way, minimising the model source code modifications and defining the physical and numerical aspects of the couplings. We also address specific coupling issues like the handling of different domains, multiple usage of the MCT library and exchange of 3-D fields. We analyse and compare the computational performance of the different couplings based on real-case simulations over Europe. The usage of the LUCIA tool implemented in OASIS3-MCT enables the quantification of the contributions of the coupled components to the overall coupling cost. These individual contributions are (1) cost of the model(s) coupled, (2) direct cost of coupling including horizontal interpolation and communication between the components, (3) load imbalance, (4) cost of different usage of processors by CCLM in coupled and stand-alone mode and (5) residual cost including i.a. CCLM additional computations. Finally a procedure for finding an optimum processor configuration for each of the couplings was developed considering the time to solution, computing cost and parallel efficiency of the simulation. The optimum configurations are presented for sequential, concurrent and mixed (sequential+concurrent) coupling layouts. The procedure applied can be regarded as independent of the specific coupling layout and coupling details. We found that the direct cost of coupling, i.e. communications and horizontal interpolation, in OASIS3-MCT remains below 7 % of the CCLM stand-alone cost for all couplings investigated. This is in particular true for the exchange of 450 2-D fields between CCLM and MPI-ESM. We identified remaining limitations in the coupling strategies and discuss possible future improvements of the computational efficiency

Workshop on PIDs within NFDI: Report of the Working Group “Persistent Identifiers (PID)” of the Section Common Infrastructures of the NFDI

In order to gain an overview of the current state of the discussion on PIDs and for the identification of use cases for the initiation phase of a PID service within the NFDI basic services, the working group Persistent Identifier of the Section Common Infrastructures of the NFDI hosted an online workshop in January 2023. In the course of the workshop, members of nine different NFDI consortia presented the current application of PIDs in their consortia

Initial results for dual constellation dual-frequency multipath models

This paper presents an update of the ongoing work to develop dual frequency dual constellation airborne multipath models for Galileo E1, E5a and GPS L1 and GPS L5 in the frame of the project DUFMAN (Dual Frequency Multipath Models for Aviation) funded by the European Commission. The goal of this activity is to support the development and implementation of airborne GNSS-based navigation solutions, such as Advanced Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (ARAIM), dual-frequency multiconstellation Satellite Based Augmentation System (SBAS) and dual-frequency multi-constellation Ground based Augmentation System (GBAS). Previous work described the methodology proposed to derive the airborne multipath models and presented preliminary multipath models obtained from an experimental installation. In this paper we present the initial results obtained from flight campaigns conducted within DUFMAN on Airbus commercial aircraft. The measurements are collected from prototypes of dual-frequency multi-constellation avionics receiver and the antenna installed on the aircraft has been selected to meet at best the current dual-frequency dual-constellation antenna requirements. In addition to the initial results obtained from avionics hardware, the impact of the different receiver correlator spacing and bandwidth is investigated and discussed

Final results on airborne multipath models for dualconstellation dual-frequency aviation applications

This paper proposes DFMC airborne multipath models and antenna error models derived from measurement and supported by simulations. Based on the data evaluated, new multipath models (including the contribution from the antenna) for Galileo E1 and GPS L1 and Galileo E5a and GPS L5 are discussed. Furthermore, a model for the Ionosphere-Free combination of the signals is proposed