Study on the quantitative and qualitative composition of fungi settled rapeseed

The aim of study was estimated of qualitative and quantitative composition of fungi in rapeseed on RBA, YpSs, DG18 medium at 25, 37, 45ºC. Material was 18 samples of rapeseed. The most amount of fungi were isolated on RBA at 25ºC (28), next xerophilic species (23) on DG 18 at 25oC and mesophilic (19) and thermophilic species (8) on YpSs medium at 37º and 45ºC, respectively. The predominant species were Penicillium chrysogenum and Eurotium herbariorum. From rapeseed 162 strains belonging to 41 species were isolated. This study enriched rapeseed mycobiota about 25 species and genus of fungi in comparison to date from available literature

Correlation between some qualitative features of sunflower seeds and occurrence of fungi

There is lack of work in which correlation between chosen qualitative features of sunflower seeds and settled of the fungi colonies have been investigated. The study was aimed to evaluate selective qualitative characteristics of sunflower seeds, to determine the quantitative analysis of fungi including different media and temperature incubation and to specify the correlation between sunflower seed's qualitative characteristics and the number of colonies of fungi that inhabit them. Investigated material of sunflower seeds was 20 samples of seeds. The characteristics of seeds included calculation of thousand seed weights, volumetric weight, amount, pH of seeds, seeds moisture content, seeds water activity (aw), fat content, fat acidity, critical moisture of seeds and hull content. Number of fungi contaminating sunflower seeds were investigated with using different culture media (RBA, DG18, YpSs) and incubation temperatures (25ºC, 37ºC and 45ºC). The largest number of fungi colonies was isolated when DG18 medium was used at 25ºC. The negative correlations between volumetric weight and amount of fungi has been revealed. The negative statistically significant correlation between pH of seeds and amount of fungi isolated on YpSs at 37ºC was found. The positive, statistically significant correlations between amount of fungi colonies isolated on YpSs at, respectively 37ºC and 45ºC and water activity and humidity and fat acidity, has been revealed. Received correlations proved, that contamination seeds by fungi may cause decrease of volumetric weight and pH of seeds. This results demonstrated, that large colonies of fungi is directly related with count of impurities

Influence of water activity and temperature on growth and lipolytic activity of xerophilic fungus Eurotium herbariorum (Weber ex F.H. Wigg.) Link

Eurotium herbariorum (Weber ex F.H. Wigg.) Link strains isolated from rapeseed, soybean and sunflower seed were incubated on liquid medium with oils, adequately, rapeseed oil, soybean oil and sunflower oil. Influence of water activity (aw) of medium (0.995; 0.950; 0.900 and 0.850) and temperature (15º and 25ºC) on dry mass, proteins content and lipolytic activity were studied. Irregardless of oil type, protein content achieved by Eurotium herbariorum (Weber ex F.H. Wigg.) Link strains on medium of water activity in the range between 0,900 and 0,995 at 25ºC were higher that at 15ºC. The study proved, that all strains were able to biosynthesis lipolytic exoenzymes on liquid medium with oils. Lipolytic activity was higher at 15ºC than at 25ºC.This indicates that presence Eurotium herbariorum (Weber ex F.H. Wigg.) Link strains in oilseeds may to initiate disadvantageous quality changes of oils

Effect of water activity and temperature on growth and lipolytic activity of Penicillium chrysogenum strains in liquid culture media with plant oils

Szczepy P. chrysogenum wyizolowane z nasion rzepaku, soi i słonecznika hodowano w pożywkach płynnych z dodatkiem oleju rzepakowego, sojowego i słonecznikowego. Zbadano wpływ aktywności wody (aw) pożywki (0,995, 0,950, 0,900 i 0,850) i temperatury (15 i 25 ºC) na zawartość suchej masy grzybni i aktywność lipolityczną. Wzrost grzybni badanych szczepów był zróżnicowany w zależności od aw i temperatury. Aktywność lipolityczna w temperaturze 15 ºC była wyższa niż w 25 ºC. Najwyższą aktywność P. chrysogenum stwierdzono w temperaturze 15 ºC przy najniższej badanej aktywności wody pożywki. Otrzymane wyniki wskazują na możliwość inicjowania niekorzystnych zmian jakościowych olejów przez enzymy lipolityczne szczepów tego gatunku nawet wówczas, gdy nie ma widocznego (makroskopowo) wzrostu grzybni.Penicillium chrysogenum strains, isolated from rapeseeds, soybean, and sunflower seeds, were incubated in a liquid medium with rapeseed oil, soybean oil, and sunflower oil added. The effects of water activity (aw) of the medium (0.995; 0.950; 0.900; 0.850) and temperature (15 and 25 ºC) were studied on the dry mass content of mycelium and on the lipolytic activity. The growth of the mycelium of the strains analyzed varied depending on aw and temperature. The lipolytic activity at a temperature of 15 ºC was higher than that at a temperature of 25 ºC. The highest lipolytic activity of P. chrysogenum strains was reported at a temperature of 15 ºC at the lowest tested water activity of the culture medium (aw = 0.850). The results obtained prove that the lipolytic enzymes produced by the strains of that fungus can initiate disadvantageous quality changes in oils, and this is possible even where there is no visible growth of the mycelium

Wzrost szczepów Thermomyces lanuginosus (TSIKL.) wyizolowanych z kompostu i ziaren kawy na substratach celulozowych i na ksylanie przy różnej aktywności wody

The study was to determine the effect of water activity (0.850; 0.900; 0.950; 0.995; and 0.999 aw) on the growth of T. lanuginosus on solid media containing different cellulose substrates (crystalline cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose – CMC, filter paper, and sawdust) and xylan. The growth of isolates from coffee beans and garden composts were compared. All isolates did not grow on media with aw 0.950, the hydrolysis zones were only observed on xylan and CMC. The highest daily growth and hydrolysis zone rates were mostly obtained at 0.995 aw and the lowest values were observed at 0.950 aw. The coffee beans isolates at 0.950 aw had the CMC hydrolysis coefficient 1.7-times higher than that for xylan. The fungal growth (FG) coefficient data indicate that the coffee beans isolates were able to utilize CMC and crystalline cellulose for growth and the highest growth rate was obtained at 0.999 aw. Subsequently, the compost isolates were able to grow on all substrates but the highest growth rate was obtained on CMC at 0.950 and 0.999 aw. Thus, coffee beans and composts provide T. lanuginosus isolates with various growth and hydrolytic zone rates in the range of 0.950-0.999 aw.Badano wpływ różnych aktywności wody aw (0,850; 0,900; 0,950; 0,995; 0,999) na wzrost grzyba Thermomyces lanuginosus (Tsikl.) na pożywkach zawierających różne źródła celulozy (celulozę krystaliczną, karboksymetylocelulozę – CMC, bibułę fi ltracyjną i trociny) oraz ksylan. W badaniach wykorzystano szczepy T. lanuginosus wyizolowane z zapleśniałego ziarna kawy i kompostu. Całkowita inhibicja wzrostu dotyczyła pożywek o aktywności wody aw 0,950, zawierających ksylan lub CMC. Największe wartości dziennego przyrostu kolonii i strefy hydrolizy obserwowano przy aktywności wody w pożywce wynoszącej 0,995, a najmniejsze przy aw = 0,950. Szczepy T. lanuginosus wyizolowane z kawy, na pożywkach o aw = 0,950 charakteryzowały się 1,7 razy wyższym współczynnikiem hydrolizy celulozy w stosunku do ksylanu. Na podstawie współczynnika wzrostu grzybów (FG) stwierdzono, że szczepy z kawy są zdolne do przetwarzania celulozy krystalicznej i CMC na pożywkach o wysokiej aktywności wody (0,999). Szczepy z kompostu rosły na wszystkich badanych źródłach celulozy i ksylanu, przy czym najlepsze parametry wzrostu uzyskiwano na pożywkach o aktywności wody 0,950 i 0,999

Stability of selenium diet supplement

Selenium is one of the trace elements playing a crucial role in a proper function of living organisms. Selenium intake varies, largely based on the selenium content of food. The daily Se intake recommended for adults amounts to 55 μg per day. The mean level of selenium in the population varies considerably between countries. Recent studies on the selenium dietary intakes in Poland showed that it is not sufficient to meet the daily requirement for this microelement so it is strongly recommended to employ selenium supplementation. The commercial product SEL-BRCA1®  being a selenium diet supplement was subjected to chemical and microbial analysis to determine its stability in storage time and conditions. Basing on the obtained results it can be stated that the stability of studied supplement, stored in the closed bottles, can be confirmed for the period of time up to 45 months after the production date and it is not recommended to store opened bottles for the period of time longer than 12 months. The studied supplement showed a very high microbial stability what underscores its usefulness as human medicines

Chemical composition and antimicrobial properties of essential oil and extract from ‘Asia’ peppermint cultivar

Celem pracy było określenie aktywności biologicznej oraz oznaczenie związków lotnych metodą GC/MS olejku i ekstraktu z mięty. Surowiec do badań stanowiło ziele mięty pieprzowej (Mentha piperita L.) odmiany ‘Asia’, pochodzącej z uprawy doświadczalnej. Olejek eteryczny otrzymywano za pomocą hydrodestylacji przy użyciu aparatu Derynga, a ekstrakt alkoholowy metodą maceracji. Stwierdzono, że badany olejek i ekstrakt z mięty wykazują odmienny skład chemiczny. W olejku zidentyfikowano 45 związków, natomiast w ekstrakcie 15. Olejek charakteryzował się największym udziałem mentolu (24,2 %), izomentonu (11,6 %), izomentolu (7,9 %), eukaliptolu (6,1 %) oraz octanu mentylu (5,8 %). W ekstrakcie dominowały takie związki, jak: mentol (34,4 %), izomenton (17,8 %), neoizomentol (7,1 %). W składzie ekstraktu z mięty oznaczono także metaboliczny prekursor steroli – skwalen, fitol oraz stigmast–8(14)–en–3β–ol. Do oceny aktywności przciwdrobnoustrojowej wobec bakterii i grzybów zastosowano metodę dyfuzyjno-krążkową. Badania wykazały, że bakterie były mniej wrażliwe na działanie olejku miętowego niż grzyby, natomiast ekstrakt nie wykazał aktywności przeciwgrzybicznej.The objective of the research study was to determine the biological activity of essential oil and extract made from ‘Asia’ peppermint cultivar and to determine the volatile compounds therein using a GC/MS method. The research material constituted the ‘Asia’ cultivar of peppermint herb (Mentha piperita L.) originating from an experimental farm. The essential oil was produced by hydrodistillation using a Deryng apparatus, and the alcoholic extract by maceration. It was found that the essential oil and the extract from peppermint showed different chemical compositions. In the essential oil, 45 compounds were identified, whereas in the extract: 15. The essential oil was characterized by the highest percent content of menthol (24.2 %), isomenthon (11.6 %), isomenthol (7.9 %), eucalyptol (6.1 %), and menthyl acetate (5.8 %). In the peppermint extract, the following compounds prevailed: menthol (34.4 %), isomenthone (17.8 %), and neoisomenthol (7.1 %). Furthermore, the metabolic precursor of sterols, squalene, was determined in the peppermint extract, as were phytol and stigmast 8(14)-en-3β-ol. A disc-diffusion method was applied to assess the antibacterial and antifungal activity. The analyses proved that the bacteria were less sensitive to the peppermint essential oil than the fungi and the extract did not show any antifungal activity