Temperature controller optimization by computational intelligence

In this paper a temperature control system for an automated educational classroom is optimized with several advanced computationally intelligent methods. Controller development and optimization has been based on developed and extensively tested mathematical and simulation model of the observed object. For the observed object cascade P-PI temperature controller has been designed and conventionally tuned. To improve performance and energy efficiency of the system, several meta heuristic optimizations of the controller have been attempted, namely genetic algorithm optimization, simulated annealing optimization, particle swarm optimization and ant colony optimization. Efficiency of the best results obtained with proposed computationally intelligent optimization methods has been compared with conventional controller tuning. Results presented in this paper demonstrate that heuristic optimization of advanced temperature controller can provide improved energy efficiency along with other performance improvements and improvements regarding equipment wear. Not only that presented methodology provides for determination and tuning of the core controller, but it also allows that advanced control concepts such as anti-windup controller gain are optimized simultaneously, which is of significant importance since interrelation of all control system parameters has important influence on the stability and performance of the system as a whole. Based on the results obtained, general conclusions are presented indicating that meta heuristic computationally intelligent optimization of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning control systems is a feasible concept with strong potential in providing improved performance, comfort and energy efficiency

Temperature controller optimization by computational intelligence

In this paper a temperature control system for an automated educational classroom is optimized with several advanced computationally intelligent methods. Controller development and optimization has been based on developed and extensively tested mathematical and simulation model of the observed object. For the observed object cascade P-PI temperature controller has been designed and conventionally tuned. To improve performance and energy efficiency of the system, several meta heuristic optimizations of the controller have been attempted, namely genetic algorithm optimization, simulated annealing optimization, particle swarm optimization and ant colony optimization. Efficiency of the best results obtained with proposed computationally intelligent optimization methods has been compared with conventional controller tuning. Results presented in this paper demonstrate that heuristic optimization of advanced temperature controller can provide improved energy efficiency along with other performance improvements and improvements regarding equipment wear. Not only that presented methodology provides for determination and tuning of the core controller, but it also allows that advanced control concepts such as anti-windup controller gain are optimized simultaneously, which is of significant importance since interrelation of all control system parameters has important influence on the stability and performance of the system as a whole. Based on the results obtained, general conclusions are presented indicating that meta heuristic computationally intelligent optimization of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning control systems is a feasible concept with strong potential in providing improved performance, comfort and energy efficiency

Pouzdanost merenja različitih kontraktilnih funkcija pregibača prstiju šake kod muškaraca različitog uzrasta

The aim of the research is to determine the reliability of testing various contractile functions of a male hand based on motoric and functional dominance and age. The examinee takes a seat with their arm extended or mildly flexed in a mildly abducted position. For the measuring purposes, dynamometric probe with isometric straining conditions fixed to a special construction was used. The 'Isometrics' (ver. 3.1.1) was used and frequency of data selection was realized on the level of 500 Hz. The sample includes 269 male examinees aged from 14.0 to 69.9. The results of descriptive statistics have shown that in relation to the tested sample for the non-dominant hand, values for maximum force (Fmax) range from 462.8 to 529.0 N, for explosive force (RFDmax) the range is from 1621.6 to 1972.8 N/s and for muscular force impulse (ImpF50%max) from 8203.9 to 15552.3 Ns, while Fmax values the dominant hand ranges from 478.1 to 566.2 N, for RFDmax it ranges from 1742.6 to 2119.0 N/s and for ImpF50%max 9516.7 to 16845.1 Ns. The results have shown that it is reliable to measure all three examined contractile hand characteristics where by ICC ranges from 0.938 to 0.977 for Fmax, from 0.903 to 0.971 for RFDmaxand from 0.747 to 0.943 for ImpF50%max. The second try as the better result should be considered the representational value for Fmaxand RFDmaxvariables, regardless of the hand dominance or age group. While for the variable ImpF50%max, in the age groups from 35.0 to 49.9 and from 50.0 to 69.9, the first tested try for both hands should be considered, in 14.0 to 19.9 years group the second try should be taken into consideration, and in 20.0 to 34.9 age range, the better result of the non-dominant hand is the first try, and of the dominant is the second try.Cilj istraživanja je da se utvrdi pouzdanost testiranja različitih kontraktilnih funkcija šake muškaraca, u zavisnosti od motoričko-funkcionalne dominantnosti i uzrasta. Ispitanik zauzima sedeći položaj sa opruženom ili blago fleksiranom rukom, postavljenom u blago abdukcioni položaj. Za potrebe merenja upotrebljena je dinamometrijska sonda, sa izometrijskim uslovima naprezanja, fiksirana za specijalnu konstrukciju. Korišćen je softver 'Isometrics' (ver. 3.1.1), a frekvencija odabira podataka realizovana je na nivou od 500 Hz. Uzorak je obuhvatio 269 ispitanika muškog pola, uzrasta od 14.0 do 69.9 godina. Rezultati deskriptivne statistike su pokazali da se u odnosu na testirani uzorak za nedominantnu ruku vrednosti ispoljene maksimalne jačine (Fmax) nalaze u rasponu od 462.8 do 529.0 N, za eksplozivnu jačinu (RFDmax) u rasponu od 1621.6 do 1972.8 N/s i za impuls mišićne jačine (ImpF50%max) od 8203.9 do 15552.3 Ns, dok su vrednosti Fmax za dominantnu ruku u rasponu od 478.1 do 566.2 N, za RFDmax u rasponu od 1742.6 do 2119.0 N/s i za ImpF50%max od 9516.7 do 16845.1 Ns. Utvrđeno je da se pouzdano mogu meriti sve tri ispitivane kontraktilne karakteristike šake, pri čemu se ICC nalazi u rasponu od 0.938 do 0.977 za Fmax, od 0.903 do 0.971 za RFDmax, i od 0.747 do 0.943 za ImpF50%max.Kao reprezentativnu vrednost za varijable Fmax i RFDmax, bez obzira na dominantnost ruke, ili uzrasnu grupu, treba uzimati drugi pokušaj kao bolji rezultat. Dok za varijablu ImpF50%max, u uzrasnim grupama od 35.0 do 49.9 i od 50.0 do 69.9 godina, uglavnom treba uzimati prvi testirani pokušaj za obe ruke, u grupi od 14.0 do 19.9 godina drugi testirani pokušaj, a u uzrastu od 20.0 do 34.9 godina bolji rezultat nedominantne ruke je prvi, a dominantne drugi pokušaj

Geomorphological and hydrological heritage of Mt. Stara Planina in SE Serbia: From river protection initiative to potential geotouristic destination

Mt. Stara Planina is located in the eastern part of the Republic of Serbia and represents the westernmost part of the large mountain massif of the Balkans. Both endogenous and exogenous forces created interesting geomorphological and hydrological features for geotourism development in this area. This article proposes a preliminary list of geomorphological and hydrological sites and analyses them to reveal which geosite possesses geotourism potential. This research was carried out by applying the modified geosite assessment model. In this article, ten geosites were singled out based on the degree of their attractiveness for geotourism development. The results reveal information about the key fields of improvement for each evaluated geosite, and identify which areas require more attention and better management in the upcoming period for Mt. Stara Planina to become a well-known geotourism destination that would attract a large number of tourists in the future

Ancient chicken remains reveal the origins of virulence in Marek’s disease virus

The pronounced growth in livestock populations since the 1950s has altered the epidemiological and evolutionary trajectory of their associated pathogens. For example, Marek’s disease virus (MDV), which causes lymphoid tumors in chickens, has experienced a marked increase in virulence over the past century. Today, MDV infections kill >90% of unvaccinated birds, and controlling it costs more than US$1 billion annually. By sequencing MDV genomes derived from archeological chickens, we demonstrate that it has been circulating for at least 1000 years. We functionally tested the Meq oncogene, one of 49 viral genes positively selected in modern strains, demonstrating that ancient MDV was likely incapable of driving tumor formation. Our results demonstrate the power of ancient DNA approaches to trace the molecular basis of virulence in economically relevant pathogens

Temperature controller optimization by computational intelligence

In this paper a temperature control system for an automated educational classroom is optimized with several advanced computationally intelligent methods. Controller development and optimization has been based on developed and extensively tested mathematical and simulation model of the observed object. For the observed object cascade P-PI temperature controller has been designed and conventionally tuned. To improve performance and energy efficiency of the system, several metaheuristic optimizations of the controller have been attempted, namely genetic algorithm optimization, simulated annealing optimization, particle swarm optimization and ant colony optimization. Efficiency of the best results obtained with proposed computationally intelligent optimization methods has been compared with conventional controller tuning. Results presented in this paper demonstrate that heuristic optimization of advanced temperature controller can provide improved energy efficiency along with other performance improvements and improvements regarding equipment wear. Not only that presented methodology provides for determination and tuning of the core controller, but it also allows that advanced control concepts such as anti-windup controller gain are optimized simultaneously, which is of significant importance since interrelation of all control system parameters has important influence on the stability and performance of the system as a whole. Based on the results obtained, general conclusions are presented indicating that meta-heuristic computationally intelligent optimization of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning control systems is a feasible concept with strong potential in providing improved performance, comfort and energy efficiency. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. TR 33047 i br. TR 35016

Bulk or supported tungstophosphates? Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities following pesticide removal

The study evaluates caesium, potassium, silver, and zinc tungstophosphates synthesized in bulk and Y zeolite-supported forms through a two-step process. Spectral investigation reveals the impact of cation size on tungstophosphates formation. The large cations form ion-ion interaction with the Keggin ion, while smaller cations form hydrogen bonds between the cation hydration sphere and terminal oxygens in the Keggin ion. Supported salts formation proceeds without Keggin ion distortion. Zeta potential showed the absence of particle aggregation for caesium and potassium tungstophosphate. Nicosulfuron removal by the supported salt exhibits enhanced retention, with the exception observed for zinc tungstophosphate suggesting a decomposition mechanism. Antimicrobial evaluations reveal silver salt's potency, especially in zeolite-supported form, emphasizing the role of zeolite support. In the presence of pesticide molecules, the antimicrobial activity of salts lowers, with the exception seen for fungus strain. The antioxidant assessments demonstrate superior inhibition for insoluble bulk salts, with caesium tungstophosphate exhibiting the highest inhibition, while supported silver salt enhances bulk salt performance. The presence of pesticides affects both antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, while a complex relationship with radical scavenging ability in bulk and supported salts is independent of their pesticide adsorption capacities. The study broadens the range of the versatile applications of tungstophosphates, highlighting their specific interactions with pesticides and their impact on bioactivity and environmental remediation

Bulk or supported tungstophosphates? Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities following pesticide removal

The study evaluates caesium, potassium, silver, and zinc tungstophosphates synthesized in bulk and Y zeolite-supported forms through a two-step process. Spectral investigation reveals the impact of cation size on tungstophosphates formation. The large cations form ion-ion interaction with the Keggin ion, while smaller cations form hydrogen bonds between the cation hydration sphere and terminal oxygens in the Keggin ion. Supported salts formation proceeds without Keggin ion distortion. Zeta potential showed the absence of particle aggregation for caesium and potassium tungstophosphate. Nicosulfuron removal by the supported salt exhibits enhanced retention, with the exception observed for zinc tungstophosphate suggesting a decomposition mechanism. Antimicrobial evaluations reveal silver salt's potency, especially in zeolite-supported form, emphasizing the role of zeolite support. In the presence of pesticide molecules, the antimicrobial activity of salts lowers, with the exception seen for fungus strain. The antioxidant assessments demonstrate superior inhibition for insoluble bulk salts, with caesium tungstophosphate exhibiting the highest inhibition, while supported silver salt enhances bulk salt performance. The presence of pesticides affects both antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, while a complex relationship with radical scavenging ability in bulk and supported salts is independent of their pesticide adsorption capacities. The study broadens the range of the versatile applications of tungstophosphates, highlighting their specific interactions with pesticides and their impact on bioactivity and environmental remediation