Dales, long lands, and the medieval division of land in eastern England

The long, parallel fields of the marshlands between the Fens and the Humber estuary in eastern England, which are recorded on nineteenth-century maps, were the result of the division of the wetlands that occurred particularly during the twelfth and early thirteenth centuries. Areas of common fen pasture were partitioned between tenants to provide land for grazing and arable. Similar division also took place on the coastal strip and in the peat fen for land for salt-making and cutting fuel. These long strips, known as dales, are compared to similar areas in open fields in parts of Yorkshire and Northamptonshire, which have been discussed elsewhere. It is argued that the field shape is the result of a type of division in eastern England in which considerable emphasis was placed on ease of partitioning land equitably

Looking to the future of medieval archaeology

Published version reproduced with the permission of the publisher.© Maney Publishin

The effects of density and bleach concentration on efficiency and resolution in phase holograms

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Look-alike, sound-alike medication errors: A novel case concerning a Slow-Na, Slow-K prescribing error

A 59-year-old man was mistakenly prescribed Slow-Na instead of Slow-K due to incorrect selection from a drop-down list in the prescribing software. This error was identified by a pharmacist during a home medicine review (HMR) before the patient began taking the supplement. The reported error emphasizes the need for vigilance due to the emergence of novel look-alike, sound-alike (LASA) drug pairings. This case highlights the important role of pharmacists in medication safety

Davidsonian semantic theory and cognitive science of religion

This article investigates the extent to which the cognitive science of religion (CSR) and Donald Davidson’s semantic holism (DSH) harmonize. We first characterize CSR, philosophical semantics (and more specifically DSH). We then note a prima facie tension between CSR and DSH’s view of First-Person Authority (that we know what is meant when we speak in a way that we do not when others speak). If CSR is correct that the causes of religious belief are located in cognitive processes in the mind/brain, then religious insiders might have no idea what they are talking about: only the scholar of CSR would have a chance of knowing what they ‘really’ mean. The article argues that the resolution to this problem is to take seriously DSH’s rejection of semantic bifurcation, specifically rejecting the idea that religious and non-religious language can be sharply distinguished. We conclude by supporting the following claims: (i) common cognitive neural/psychological processes are explanatorily relevant in proposed meaning-theories for any discourse, and (ii) those processes need semantic supplementation with reference to external and naturalistic factors (biological, cultural, environmental etc.)

Landscape and farming in the north of Ireland in the late Middle Ages and early modern period: the evidence from the uplands

The character of the late medieval rural landscape of Ireland has been difficult to identify.A survey of the uplands in counties Antrim and Derry examined areas on the periphery of and beyond Anglo-Norman lordship. It recognised a number of areas where the earthworks of fields and associated buildings still survive.These are identified as the remains of a system of infield-outfield agriculture. Evidence for booley (transhumance) huts was surprisingly infrequent. It is suggested that either livestock were grazed closer to the lowland settlements or the upland communities took charge of the animals sent up in the summer months from the lowland sites.The pattern of townlands recorded in the seventeenth century suggests that the upland was systematically divided between communities in the valley, emphasising the role of the lands at higher elevations for grazing. Infield-outfield agriculture and oval buildings are likely to have been found not only in the uplands but also more widely over the north of Ireland in the late Middle Ages

The late medieval port buildings of Ardglass, County Down, in the context of northern European trade

A number of the ruined, late medieval buildings at Ardglass (Co. Down) are discussed to consider the way in which commerce took place. It is argued that one building provided both lodgings and shops on the ground-floor from where the merchants’ good might be sold, and another served as a dining room for the visiting traders. The pattern of lodgings and shops can be compared to the booths occupied by merchants elsewhere in the North Atlantic operating a type of form of trade distinctive of that region

Low-input, high quality legume hays for north Queensland

Perennial herbaceous legumes grown for hay can improve beef and dairy production in north Queensland through providing affordable high-quality (digestible protein) dry season feed. Eleven Arachis ecotypes (A. pintoi (5), A. glabrata (3), A. paraguariensis (2) and A. kretschmeri (1)), two Stylosanthes guianensis varieties and two commercially recommended Medicago sativa varieties were grown for hay under irrigation using standardised populations in replicated small-plots over two wet seasons (summer) and compared for dry matter production and fodder quality using 8 week cutting cycles. All initially grew well but M. sativa plants were damaged by leaf and stem diseases during wet summer periods reducing leaf and stem growth and resulting in open, weedy stands; the Arachis and Stylosanthes were relatively unaffected and exhibited strong summer-dominant growth throughout the study. There were significant species and varietal differences in biomass production and some A. pintoi, M. sativa and S. guianensis produced over 30 T DM (stem plus leaf above 5 cm cut height) over 19 months. Arachis glabrata also yielded well (16-18 T DM) following a prolonged establishment phase. Feed quality was high for all legumes compared, and overall best in the Arachis spp., with crude protein percentages mostly above 16% and high levels of protein and carbohydrate rumen degradability

Passage and survival of Acaciella angustissima (Mill.) Britton & Rose and Aeschynomene paniculata Willd. ex Vogel seed through the sheep gut

Acaciella angustissima (syn. Acacia angustissima) (white ball acacia) and Aeschynomene paniculata Willd. ex Vogel (pannicle joint vetch), were rejected for release after their identification as potential weeds in pasture evaluation trials. These plants are now targeted for control and, where possible, eradication from old experimental sites across Queensland. It is suspected that domestic livestock, feral and native animals contribute to the movement of these seeds through the ingestion and defecation of viable seeds across the landscape. This aspect was explored by feeding the intact seeds of these two species to sheep in metabolism cages. Sheep faeces were collected each day for 5 days after which time the faeces were sieved and the surviving intact seeds were then collected, counted and germination tests undertaken. The results show that seeds of both species pass through sheep with most seeds being passed after 48 h with a percentage of these seeds being viable. Of the number of seeds fed, 4.25% were recovered for A. angustissima and 1.4% for A. paniculata. Seed recovered from the faeces had 0% and 13% germination for A. angustissima and A. paniculata respectively, but with additional post-digestion hot water scarification germination increased to 75% and 33% for A. angustissima and A. paniculata respectively. This paper discusses these results and the implications for the possible spread of these species across the northern Australian landscape

Temperature, irradiation and delivery as factors affecting spring-time flight activity and recapture of mass-reared male codling moths released by the Okanagan-Kootenay sterile insect programme

Laboratory flight-tunnel and field mark-release-recapture experiments were conducted to compare pheromone response, flight activity and recapture of wild codling moths, Cydia pomonella (L.), with codling moths mass-reared by the Okanagan-Kootenay Sterile Insect Release Programme. These experiments were designed to identify factors that may contribute to poor pheromone trap catches of sterile moths in the spring. Irradiation (250 Gy) had no influence on catches of n1ass-reared moths in pheromone traps at spring (16°C) or summer temperatures (25°C) in flight-tunnel assays. In field experiments however, recapture of n1ass-reared and wild moths in pheromone traps was significantly reduced after irradiation, suggesting effects of irradiation were modified by additional factors acting in the field. Catches of mass-reared moths in flight-t1mnel assays showed a nonlinear increase with increasing temperature. There was no evidence that n1ass- reared moths were less responsive to pheromone at low temperatures than wild moths. Based on x-intercepts of linear regressions of percent catch vs. temperature (15 - 25°C), flight-temperature thresholds for mass-reared (14.7°C) and wild moths (15.4°C) were similar in flight-tunnel assays. Irradiated moths carried for 4 h on all-terrain vehicles used for delivering sterile moths were less responsive to pheromone lures in subsequent flight-tunnel assays than moths that spent no time on these vehicles, but only when flown at spring-like temperatures (16°C). In field tests, moths released on the ground were caught significantly less often than moths released within the tree canopy and negative effects of ground release appeared greater when made in spring compared with autumn