Ispitivanje osobina buhača (Chysanthemum cineraiarefolium Vis.) sa priodnih staništa Crne Gore

Pyrethrum (Chrysanthemum cinerarifolium Vis.) is endemic plant to Montenegro, Croatia and Albania. Insecticidal pyrethrin compounds (pyirethrin I i II) exxtracted from pyrethrum flowers. As pyrethrum research has been scarce in this country so far our primary objective was to provide data on the morphology and type of habitats of wild pyrethrum ina varius parts of montenegro and data on its introduction into climat conditions of centaral Serbia. The following morphological and productivity parameters were investigated: Cluster width, cluster height, number of shoots and flower – bearing stems, number of flower-heads, fresh and dry weight of roots, stem, leaves and flowers. Determinated and seed germination and pyrethrum content. The results show the pyrethryn mean in the flower be around 0,7% while most favourable properties were found in plant of the Trsteno locality. Precent of pyrethrin was simual in the plants growed in ecological conditions of central Serbia

Ispitivanje osobina buhača (Chrysanthenum cinerariaefolium Vis.) sa prirodnih staništa Crne Gore

Pyrethrum (Chrysanthemum cinerarifolium Vis.) is endemic plant to Montenegro, Croatia and Albania. Insecticidal pyrethrin compounds (pyirethrin I i II) extracted from pyrethrum flowers. As pyrethrum research has been scarce in this country so far our primary objective was to provide data on the morphology and type of habitats of wild pyrethrum ina varius parts of Montenegro and data on its introduction into climate conditions of central Serbia. The following morphological and productivity parameters were investigated: Cluster width, cluster height, number of shoots and flower - bearing stems, number of flower-heads, fresh and dry weight of roots, stem, leaves and flowers. Determinate and seed germination and pyrethrum content. The results show the pyrethryn mean in the flower be around 0,7% while most favorable properties were found in plant of the Trsteno locality. Percent of pyrethrin was simual in the plants growed in ecological conditions of central Serbia.Buhač (Chrysanthemum cinerarifolium Vis.) je endemična biljka rasprostranjena u Crnoj Gori, Hrvatskoj i Albaniji. Iz cvasti buhača se ekstrahuju insekticidna jedinjenja piretrini (piretrin I i II). U našoj zemlji ispitivanja buhača su bila veoma oskudna i zato je cilj ovog rada bio dobijanje podataka o biološkim osobinama samoniklog buhača prikupljenog sa različitih staništa Crne Gore kao i mogućnost njegove introdukcije u uslove centralne Srbije. Ispitivani su sledeći morfološki i produktivni parametri: širina i visina bokora, broj izdanaka i cvetonosnih stabala, broj glavica cvasti, sveža i suva masa korena, stabla, listova i cvasti. Ispitivana je i klijavost semena buhača i određivan je procenat ukupnih piretrina. Dobijeni rezultati pokazuju da najpovoljnije osobine od svih ispitivanih populacije imaju biljke sa lokaliteta Trsteno. Procenat piretrina u cvastima buhača sa ispitivanih lokacija je oko 0,7 %, a takođe, može se zaključiti da se gajenjem u ekološkim uslovima Srbije procenat piretrina nije značajno smanjio

Suzbijanje samoniklog suncokreta u usevu kukuruza

The objectives of the present research were to determine the effect of a single application of herbicides used in maize on voluntary sunflower plants. The field experiments were con ducted in maize field with voluntary sunflower plants. Their density ranged from 5-30 plants/m2. In the early treatments up to four leaves stage of maize were applied: 2,4-D + Atrazin SC; 2,4-D estar + Starane 250; 2,4-D estar; Banvel 480; Banvel 480 + Deltazon; Banvel 480 + atrazin and in later treat ments up to six to eight leaves of maize: Motivel + Calisto; Cambio; Lumax; Calisto + Gesaprim; Calisto; Grid + Esteron; Tarot + Peak; Motivel + Cambio; Motivel + Peak; Motivel + Banvel; Equip + Esteron; Equip + Banvel; Equip + Peak; Grid; Grid + Esteron; Tarot + Cambio; Tarot + Calisto; Tarot plus + Murtonik; Lumax; Peak and Ring + Atrazin Sc. In early treatments voluntary sunflower plants were in cotylledon stage up to first leaves pair stage and used herbicides were 100% effective, but 15 days after treatments retrovegetation was expressive. In later treatments voluntary sunflower plants were in cotylledons up to three leaves pairs. Used herbicides were 100% effective only in a young plants (up to first leaves pair stage) older plants were injured but survived.Suzbijanje samoniklog suncokreta u usevu kukuruza je problem koji se javlja u proizvodnji, jer usled nepravilnog plodoreda dolazi do ovakve smene useva. Ovaj problem se može veoma uspešno rešiti, ako se vreme primene herbicida prilagodi fazi razvoja gajenog useva i samoniklog suncokreta

Phytogeographical analysis of the Vršac vineyards (Serbia) weed flora

Application of various agrotechnical measures is the key factor defining the composition of the vineyard weed flora. Vineyard weed communities are highly diverse, due to specific environmental characteristics and frequent disturbances of these agroecosystems. Bearing all this in mind and due to a limited number of studies of the vineyard weed flora in Serbia, the aim of this research was to assess the phytogeographical characteristics of the vineyard weed flora in the Vršac vineyards. Field research encompassed the entire vegetation season (March- November) in 2016 and was performed at three localities within the area of the Vršac vineyards. Floristic analysis was done at 60 fixed 1 m2 plots (48 between-row and 12 in-row plots). Phytogeographical analysis has determined that 97 weed species which were recorded belong to eight areal types. Weed species predominately belonged to the Eurasian areal type, with 49 recorded species (51%). Results have shown the presence of 14 species of cosmopolitan distribution, while the Pontic-Mediterranean areal type was represented by 10 weed species (10%). This transitional areal type was represented by four areal groups, of which the Pontic-CentralAsian-Submediterranean group was the most numerous. Of the plants typical for the Pannonian region of Serbia, i.e. the steppe species, belonging to the Pontic-SouthSiberian areal type, only two weed species (Asperugo procumbens and Senecio vernalis) were recorded. Allochthonous species (adventive areal type) were represented by eight weed species, with species originating from North America (Amaranthus retroflexus, Erigeron annuus, E. canadensis, Panicum capillare and Xanthium strumarium subsp. italicum) being dominant

Vilina kosica i mogućnosti suzbijanja

Dodder (Cuscuta spp.) is the most wide-spread parasitic plant in our regions. Over the past several years it has increasingly expanded. Apart from growing in alfalfa and red clover as its main host crops, it is now beginning to pose a growing threat to the other crops, as well. About ten dodder species had been determined in Serbia in the past, but they have been out of focus of detailed research in the past three decades. Two dodder species have been identified as important: the small-seeded (Cuscuta trifoli Bab.), and large-seeded (C. campestris Yuncker). They differ in many respects, including the loci of binding to their host-plants. Methods of controlling dodder include preventive measures, and mechanical and chemical control.Vilina kosica (Cuscuta spp.) je najrasprostranjenija parazitska biljka na našim prostorima. Poslednjih godina primećena je njena ekspanzija, a pored lucerke i deteline, kao njenih osnovnih domaćina, počinje da ugrožava i druge gajene biljke. Zakonska regulativa, kojom se sprečava širenje viline kosice semenom, nedovoljno se poštuje. U zaštiti useva se ne poklanja dovoljno pažnje borbi protiv viline kosice, ruderalna staništa oko naših njiva su izrazito zakorovljena i pravi su rasadnik ovog parazita, te ovakvo stanje izaziva sve veće probleme. Najefikasniji način borbe sa vilinom kosicom je sprečavanje njenog unošenja u useve, ali kada se ona javi, primena herbicida može dati zadovoljavajuće rezultate

Efikasnost na korove i moguća fitotoksičnost na usev ozime uljane repice nakon primene zemljišnih herbicida

The paper shows the results of the study on effect of herbicides on weed control and occurence of phytotoxicity in winter rapeseed. Experimental plots were set up on two locations, in Belgrade and in Novi Sad. Effects of five active ingredients were investigated: metazachlor, quinmerac, clomazone, acetochlor, and linuron, applied alone or combined - joint application of several products based on the above ingredients, or application of a product based on two active ingredients - 14 variants in total. All of the tested herbicides were found to be effective against the present weeds. But, the results indicated that in years characterised by weather conditions which are unfavourable for sprouting and growth of rapeseed, the occurrence of high-level phytotoxicity that can even lead to plant death, is possible. Phytotoxicity was dete­cted in large number of tested variants. The highest level of phytotoxicity was noticed when clomazone-based product was used together with the product containing acetochor, as well as when clomazone and linuron-based products were applied together; both resulted in the total plant damage. Favourable weather conditions during the seeding period are very important for the growth of rapeseed crops. In their absence - crops suffer, especially if there is an additional adverse effect of herbicide-caused phytotoxicity. Rapeseed crops go through important development and organogenesis stages in autumn, so use of herbicides can result in significant plant damages, which raises doubts whether their application is justified at all.U radu su prikazani rezultati delovanja zemljišnih herbicida na suzbijanje korova i pojavu fitotoksičnosti u ozimom usevu uljane repice. Ogled je postavljen na dva lokaliteta u Beogradu i u Novom Sadu. Ispitivano je delovanje pet aktivnih materija: metazahlor, kvinmerak, klomazon, acetohlor i linuron, primenjivanih samostalno ili u kombinaciji - zajednička primena više preparata ili primena preparata formulisanih na bazi dve aktivne materije u ukupno 14 varijanti primene. Svi ispitivani herbicidi ispoljavaju dobro delovanje na prisutne korove. Dobijeni rezultati pokazuju da u godinama kada su nepovoljni uslovi za nicanje i razvoj uljane repice može doći do pojave izražene fitotoksičnosti koja može izazvati i potpuno propadanje useva. Pojava fitotoksičnosti se ispoljila u većem broju ispitivanih varijanti. Najizraženiju fitotoksičnost je pokazala zajednička primena preparata na bazi a.m. klomazon i acetohlor i preparata na bazi a.m. klomazon i linuron gde je doslo do potpunog propadanja biljaka. Vremenski uslovi u vreme setve su veoma važni za razvoj useva uljane repice. U suprotnom usev trpi posledice nepovoljnih uslova, posebno ako ima i dodatan negativan - fitotoksičan efekat herbicida. Usev u jesenjem periodu prolazi kroz značajne faze razvoja i organogeneze i primena herbicida može dovesti do pojave izraženih oštećenja što dovodi u pitanje opravdanost primene herbicida

Efficacy of chlethodim, tepraloxydim and quizalofop-p-tefuryl in controlling Sorghum halepense at the rhizome

Possibilities of controlling Sorghum halepense at the rhizome in sugar beet soybean and sunflower crops were studied. Trials were set up using the random block design with four replicates (according to standard EPPO/ /OEPP methods) in the localities of Rimski Šančevi, Žabalj, Čenej, Glogonjski rit, Ruma Futog, Sivac and Vojka over the 1996-2000 period. The following herbicides were applied: clethodim, tepraloxydim, quizalofop-P-tefuryl, cycloxydim haloxyfop-P-methyl, fluazifop-P-butyl, phenoxyprop-P-ethyl quizalofop-P-ethyl, propaquizafop and, the rates of application were registered or lower rates. The weeds were at the 3-6 leaves stage at the time of treatment, and the crops in the early stages of growth. The results showed that the tested herbicides could be successfully used to control Sorghum halepense at the rhizome even when the density is high. Significant differences were neither observered in the efficacies of the higher and lower treatment rates, nor between the evaluations (first and second). No phytotoxicity of the investigated herbicides was recorded.U radu je ispitivana mogućnost suzbijanja Sorghum halepense iz rizoma u usevima šećerne repe, soje i suncokreta. Ogledi su izvedeni na lokalitetima Rimski Šančevi, Žabalj, Čenej, Glogonjski rit, Ruma, Futog, Sivac i Vojka u periodu 1996-2000. godina, po slučajnom blok sistemu u 4 ponavljanja (saglasno standardnim metodama OEPP/EPPO). Primenjeno je vise herbicida i to kletodim, tepraloksidim, kvizalofop-P-tefuril, cikloksidim, haloksifop-metil fluazifpp-P-butil, fenoksaprop-P-etil, kvizalofop-P-etil i propakvizafop u količinama koje su registrovane za primenu, i manjim. U vreme primene, korovi su bili u fazi 3-6 listova, a usevi u početnim fazama porasta. Rezultati su pokazali da se i u uslovima visoke brojnosti ispitivani herbicidi mogu uspešno koristiti za suzbijanje Sorghum halepense iz rizoma U toku ogleda nisu uočene značajne razlike u ostvarenoj efikasnosti između viših i nižih količina primene, kao ni između ocena (prva i druga ocena).Takođe, nije registrovana ni fitotoksičnost ispitivanih herbicida

Procena otpornosti različitih inbred linija i hibrida suncokreta na volovod (Orobanche cumana wallr.)

Resistance to broomrape of different inbred lines, hybrids and hybrid combinations of sunflower was investigated. The trial for this experiment, which was set at 6 locations on territory of Bačka, included set of differential genotypes which, according to literature, posess genes for resistance to races A-E, 152 inbred and 121 restorer lines developed at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad, 72 crosses between these lines and 15 Russian and Ukrainian varieties. Differential genotypes behaved identically in all test sites. Domestic mother lines, restorer lines, newly developed hybrids as well as hybrid combinations showed resistance to present races of broomrape in all test sites in Vojvodina. Determination of resistance genes requires analysis of crossing inbred lines and differential lines. Results of the experiment performed in Romania and Turkey, with part of the experimental material, shows that these genotypes behaved differently in terms of resistance to broomrape in different conditions for experiments. The results require further separation on the basis of resistance to different races of the parasite by introducing new differential line.Ispitivana je otpornost na volovod različitih inbred linija, hibrida i hibridnih kombinacija suncokreta. Ogled za ovaj eksperiment, koji je postavljen na 6 lokacija na teritoriji Bačke, uključio je set diferencijalnih genotipova koji, prema literaturi, imaju gene za otpornost prema rasama A-E, 152 i 121 samooplodne restorer linije stvorene u Institutu za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Novi Sad, 72 ukrštanja ovih linija i 15 ruskih i ukrajinskih sorti. Diferencijalni genotipovi su se ponašali identično u svim ispitivanim lokacijama. Domaće linije majke, restorer linije, novorazvijeni hibridi, kao i hibridne kombinacije su pokazali otpornost na prisutne rase volovoda u svim ispitivanim lokacijama na teritoriji Vojvodine. Određivanje gena otpornosti zahteva analizu ukrštanja inbred linija i diferencijalnih linija. Rezultati ogleda izvedenog u Rumuniji i Turskoj sa delom eksperimentalnog materijala pokazuju da su se ovi genotipovi različito ponašali u pogledu otpornosti na volovod u različitim uslovima izvođenja ogleda. Rezultati nalažu dalje razdvajanje na osnovu otpornosti na različite rase volovoda uvođenjem novih diferencijalnih linija

Kratkoročno delovanje nikosulfurona na biohemijsku aktivnost černozema

Short-time effects of the herbicide nicosulfuron on the biochemical activity of soil were investigated. Nicosulfuron rates of 0.3, 1.5 and 3.0 mg kg-1 of soil were laboratory-tested on Chernozem soil. The change in the dehydrogenase activity, in microbial biomass carbon, soil respiration and the metabolic coefficient (qCO2 ) were examined. Samples were collected for the analysis 1, 7, 14, 21, 30 and 60 days after nicosulfuron application. The obtained results indicated that the effect of nicosulfuron on the soil biochemical activity depended on its application rate and duration of activity, and the effect was either stimulating or inhibiting. However, the changes detected were found to be transient and, therefore, there is no real risk of the compound disrupting the balance of biochemical processes in Chernozem soil.U radu je ispitivano kratkoročno delovanje herbicida nikosulfuron na biohemijsku aktivnost zemljišta. Ogled je postavljen u laboratorijskim uslovima na zemljištu tipa glinovita ilovača. Nikosulfuron je primenjen u količinama od 0,3, 1,5 i 3,0 mg kg-1 zemljišta. Praćeni su sledeći biohemijski parametri: aktivnost enzima dehidrogenaze, promene mikrobiološke biomase ugljenika, respiracija (disanje) zemljišta kao i metabolitički koeficijent (qCO2). Uzorci za analize uzimani su 1, 7, 14, 21, 30 i 60 dana posle primene nikosulfurona. Dobijeni rezultati su pokazali da je uticaj nikosulfurona na biohemijsku aktivnost zemljišta zavisio od primenjene količine i dužine delovanja, te je u zavisnosti od toga, bilo stimulativno ili inhibitorno. Međutim, utvrđene promene su bile prolaznog karaktera, tako da može da se smatra da nema realnog rizika od narušavanja ravnoteže biohemijskih procesa u zemljištu pod uticajem ovog jedinjenja