Orbitalni kavernozni hemangiom

The aim of this case report was to present a patient with a benign orbital tumor, cavernous hemangioma, who presented with symptoms of compressive orbital mass: unilateral axial proptosis, with motility restriction and sudden vision loss in the left eye. Ophthalmologic examination (visual acuity, applanation tonometry, Goldmann tonometer, visual field) and radiologic examination diagnosed a benign, well circumscribed, vascular, intraconal tumor that compresses the optic nerve. Treatment was operative: lateral orbitectomy Krönlein procedure and the tumor was removed. Pathologic and pathohistologic examination confirmed the previous diagnosis. Follow up examination, visual field and MRI of the orbit showed considerable improvement. Surgical treatment was also the final treatment and no adjuvant therapy was necessary. Prognosis for visual acuity and life is excellent.Cilj ovog rada bio je prikazati slučaj pacijentice s benignim tumorom orbite, kavernoznim hemangiomom, koji se javlja sa simptomima kompresivne tvorbe u orbiti: unilateralnom proptozom, smetnjama motiliteta te naglim gubitkom vida lijevog oka. Oftalmološkom obradom (ispitivanje vidne oštrine, aplanacijska tonometrija, ispitivanje vidnog polja po Goldmannu) te radiološkom obradom (MR, MSCT, MSCT angiografija) postavlja se dijagnoza benigne, dobro ograničene, vaskularne tvorbe u konusu koja pritišće očni živac. Pristupilo se operativnom zahvatu, napravila se lateralna orbitektomija po Krönleinu i odstranio tumor u cijelosti. Patološka i patohistološka pretraga potvrđuju raniju dijagnozu. Postoperativni tijek protiče uredno te se na nalazu kontrolnog vidnog polja i kontrolnim snimkama MR-a utvrđuje značajno poboljšanje. Kod pacijentice je kirurško liječenje bilo i konačno te nije bila potrebna dodatna terapija. Prognoza za vidnu oštrinu i život je odlična

Expression and immunolocalization of metallothioneins MT1, MT2 and MT3 in rat nephron

Rodent kidneys exhibit three isoforms of metallothioneins (MTs), MT1, MT2 and MT3, with poorly characterized localization along the nephron. Here we studied in adult male Wistar rats the renal expression of MTs mRNA by end-point RT-PCR and MT proteins by immunochemical methods The expression pattern of MT1 mRNA was cortex (CO)>outer stripe (OS)=inner stripe (IS)=inner medulla (IM), of MT2 mRNA was IM>CO>IS=OS, and of MT3 mRNA was IM>CO=OS=IM. MT1/2-antibody stained with heterogeneous intensity the cell cytoplasm and nuclei in proximal tubule (PT) and thin ascending limb, whereas MT3-antibody stained weakly the cell cytoplasm in various cortical tubules and strongly the nuclei in all nephron segments. However, the isolated nuclei exhibited an absence of MT1/2 and presence of MT3 protein. In MT1/2-positive PT cells, the intracellular staining appeared diffuse or bipolar, but the isolated brush-border, basolateral and endosomal membranes were devoid of MT1/2 proteins. In the lumen of some PT profiles, the heterogeneously sized MT1/2-rich vesicles were observed, with the limiting membrane positive for NHE3, but negative for V-ATPase, CAIV, and megalin, whereas their interior was positive for CAII and negative for cytoskeleton. They seem to be pinched off from the luminal membrane of MT1/2-rich cells, as also indicated by transmission electron microscopy. We conclude that in male rats, MTs are heterogeneously abundant in the cell cytoplasm and/or nuclei along the nephron. The MT1/2-rich vesicles in the tubule lumen may represent a source of urine MT and membranous material, whereas MT3 in nuclei may handle zink and locally-produced reactive oxygen species

Usporedba obilježja karcinoma debelog crijeva u trima razdobljima prema bolničkom registru za rak

The aim of the study was to analyze the possible effects of the 1991-1995 war in Croatia on the localization, age and sex distribution and stage of colon cancer. Three periods were analyzed: distant prewar (1982-1983), immediate prewar (1989-1990) and postwar (1998-2000) periods. Patient data were obtained from the computer based colorectal cancer registry established at the Department of Pathology. There was a statistically significant increase in the number of cases with right-sided colon involvement during the postwar period (p<0.01). A shift from the 60-69 to 70-79 age group was observed during the postwar period. There was no statistically significant difference in age and sex distribution of tumors. Concerning TNM staging, patients presented in more advanced stages in the postwar period (p<0.01). A similar difference was also recorded by comparing Dukes’ stages during the three periods of observation (p<0.01). Results of the study pointed to an increasing prevalence of right-sided colon carcinoma. Towards the end of the overall period of observation, patients tended to present in more advanced stages of the disease. These changes could have probably been, at least in part, attributed to the impact of war.Cilj istraživanja bila je analiza mogućih učinaka agresije na Hrvatsku tijekom razdoblja od 1991. do 1995. godine na lokalizaciju, spol i dob bolesnika te stadij karcinoma debelog crijeva. Analizirana su tri razdoblja: prijeratno (1982. - 1983.), neposredno prijeratno (1989. - 1990.) i poslijeratno (1998. - 2000.). Podaci o bolesnicima dobiveni su iz Registra kolorektalnog karcinoma koji je uspostavljen pri Zavodu za patologiju. Utvrđen je statistički značajan porast učestalosti raka u desnostranom debelom crijevu u poslijeratnom razdoblju (p<0,01). Ustanovljen je pomak učestalosti raka debelog crijeva iz dobne skupine od 60-69 godina u prijeratnom razdoblju na dobnu skupinu od 70-79 godina u poslijeratnom razdoblju. Nije bilo statistički značajne razlike u spolnoj distribuciji karcinoma debelog crijeva. Glede stadija TNM, utvrđeno je da se u poslijeratnom razdoblju statistički značajno veći broj bolesnika javlja u uznapredovalijim stadijima bolesti (p<0,01). Slična je razlika nađena i prema Dukesovoj klasifikaciji (p<0,01). Zaključeno je kako postoji povećanje broja slučajeva karcinoma desne strane debelog crijeva. U poslijeratnom razdoblju bolesnici se češće javljaju u uznapredovalom stadiju bolesti. Smatramo da se navedene pojave mogu barem djelomice pripisati učincima rata

AgRP neurons control structure and function of the medial prefrontal cortex

Hypothalamic agouti-related peptide and neuropeptide Y-expressing (AgRP) neurons have a critical role in both feeding and non-feeding behaviors of newborn, adolescent, and adult mice, suggesting their broad modulatory impact on brain functions. Here we show that constitutive impairment of AgRP neurons or their peripubertal chemogenetic inhibition resulted in both a numerical and functional reduction of neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of mice. These changes were accompanied by alteration of oscillatory network activity in mPFC, impaired sensorimotor gating, and altered ambulatory behavior that could be reversed by the administration of clozapine, a non-selective dopamine receptor antagonist. The observed AgRP effects are transduced to mPFC in part via dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area and may also be conveyed by medial thalamic neurons. Our results unmasked a previously unsuspected role for hypothalamic AgRP neurons in control of neuronal pathways that regulate higher-order brain functions during development and in adulthood