Case report: optical biopsy in HPV6 lesion

The optical biopsy is a noninvasive diagnostic procedure that performs an analysis of the tissue with an optical system that allows reaching a result without extracting the sample (excisional biopsy) from the body tissue. Particularly, we are making spectrofluorometry (SFM) observations in loci lesions and healthy surrounding areas. The tissue is accessed through the body surface, including the analysis of the skin itself or mucosal surface, or by endoscope into any cavity. We have found spectral similarities in the detection of infectious diseases of their natural spectral fluorescence. Specifically, in the analyzed cases of DNA-HPV+ patients, we observed in all of their fluorescence spectra the same type of relevant peaks. So, we present here the SFM observation of HPV6 infected hard palate case. In addition, we show in this case the positive reaction images after the topication with 3-5% acetic acid as it occurs in the cervix uterine lesion.Fil: Corti, Maria Agustina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Departamento de Física; ArgentinaFil: Poteca, Horacio. Instituto Médico Mater Dei. Centro Médico Láser; ArgentinaFil: Garavaglia, Mario Jose. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigaciones Ópticas. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigaciones Ópticas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Centro de Investigaciones Ópticas; Argentin

Near-infrared spectroscopy study of tourniquet-induced forearm ischaemia in patients with coronary artery disease

Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) can be employed to monitor local changes in haemodynamics and oxygenation of human tissues. A preliminary study has been performed in order to evaluate the NIRS transmittance response to induced forearm ischaemia in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). The population consists in 40 patients with cardiovascular risk factors and angiographically documented CAD, compared to a group of 13 normal subjects. By inflating and subsequently deflating a cuff placed around the patient arm, an ischaemia has been induced and released, and the patients have been observed until recovery of the basal conditions. A custom NIRS spectrometer (IRIS) has been used to collect the backscattered light intensities from the patient forearm throughout the ischaemic and the recovery phase. The time dependence of the near-infrared transmittance on the control group is consistent with the available literature. On the contrary, the magnitude and dynamics of the NIRS signal on the CAD patients show deviations from the documented normal behavior, which can be tentatively attributed to abnormal vessel stiffness. These preliminary results, while validating the performance of the IRIS spectrometer, are strongly conducive towards the applicability of the NIRS technique to ischaemia analysis and to endothelial dysfunction characterization in CAD patients with cardiovascular risk factors

Case report: optical biopsy in HPV6 lesion

The optical biopsy is a noninvasive diagnostic procedure that performs an analysis of the tissue with an optical system that allows reaching a result without extracting the sample (excisional biopsy) from the body tissue. Particularly, we are making spectrofluorometry (SFM) observations in loci lesions and healthy surrounding areas. The tissue is accessed through the body surface, including the analysis of the skin itself or mucosal surface, or by endoscope into any cavity. We have found spectral similarities in the detection of infectious diseases of their natural spectral fluorescence. Specifically, in the analyzed cases of DNA-HPV+ patients, we observed in all of their fluorescence spectra the same type of relevant peaks. So, we present here the SFM observation of HPV6 infected hard palate case. In addition, we show in this case the positive reaction images after the topication with 3-5% acetic acid as it occurs in the cervix uterine lesion.Facultad de Ciencias Exacta

Case report: optical biopsy in HPV6 lesion

The optical biopsy is a noninvasive diagnostic procedure that performs an analysis of the tissue with an optical system that allows reaching a result without extracting the sample (excisional biopsy) from the body tissue. Particularly, we are making spectrofluorometry (SFM) observations in loci lesions and healthy surrounding areas. The tissue is accessed through the body surface, including the analysis of the skin itself or mucosal surface, or by endoscope into any cavity. We have found spectral similarities in the detection of infectious diseases of their natural spectral fluorescence. Specifically, in the analyzed cases of DNA-HPV+ patients, we observed in all of their fluorescence spectra the same type of relevant peaks. So, we present here the SFM observation of HPV6 infected hard palate case. In addition, we show in this case the positive reaction images after the topication with 3-5% acetic acid as it occurs in the cervix uterine lesion.Facultad de Ciencias Exacta

Characterization of image transfer through grin media using mtf

Una lente común homogénea posee dos características físicas que influyen en la manera en que dicha lente reconfigura un frente de ondas: la diferencia entre su índice de refracción y el del medio circundante, y la curvatura de sus interfaces. Sin embargo, cuando la luz se propaga a través de un medio no homogéneo, los frentes de onda disminuyen su velocidad en zonas ópticamente más densas, y la incrementan en zonas de menor densidad, lo cual provoca su curvatura. Una lente de un material no homogéneo, en el que hay un GRadiente en el INdice de refracción se conoce como lente GRIN. Los medios ópticos GRIN son una consecuencia del desarrollo de las fibras ópticas de índice de refracción radialmente variable en forma cuadrática, inventado por Teiji Uchida, en 1969. Un gran beneficio de este tipo de sistemas es que proporciona un conjunto adicional de nuevos parámetros con los que controlar las aberraciones. El perfil nuclear de la lente GRIN puede igualar el camino óptico de rayos con diferentes longitudes de trayectorias, ya que la velocidad de la luz es mínima en el centro y crece gradualmente con la distancia radial. Un rayo que viaja próximo al eje recorre un camino geométrico corto a baja velocidad, mientras que aquél que viaja lejos del eje describe un camino geométrico largo a alta velocidad. Por lo tanto, la variación de camino se puede compensar con la variación de velocidad. En consecuencia, con una elección adecuada del perfil, la diferencia de velocidades de grupo o de tiempos de vuelo entre rayos se puede reducir. Como es sabido, una poderosa herramienta para determinar la calidad de un sistema óptico es la MTF (Modulation Transfer Function); esta función mide la capacidad con que un sistema óptico reproduce en la imagen del objeto bajo observación sus detalles más finos, lo que también se denomina contraste. El presente trabajo consta de la caracterización de la transferencia de imágenes a través de tres medios GRIN de diferentes longitudes (y pasos), mediante la función de transferencia de la modulación (MTF). Las determinaciones cuantitativas fueron obtenidas mediante un software diseñado especialmente para tal fin en MATLAB.A lens has two common physical characteristics that influence how it reconfigures a wave front: the difference between its refractive index and that of the surrounding medium, and the curvature of its interfaces. However, when light travels through a non-homogeneous media, the wave fronts decrease their speed in optically denser areas, and increase in areas of lower density, which causes its curvature. A lens of non homogeneous material, in which there is a GRadient in the refractive INdex is known as a GRIN lens. GRIN optical media are a consequence of the development of optical fibers with radial varying refractive index in quadratic form, invented by Teiji Uchida, 1969. A major benefit of this type of system is that it provides an additional set of new parameters with which control the aberrations. Nuclear profile of the GRIN lens can match the optical path of rays with different path lengths, since the speed of light is minimum in the center and increases gradually with radial distance. A beam which travels next to the axis travels a shorter geometric path at low speed, while one that travels far from the axis describes a longer geometrical path at higher speed. Therefore, the variation in path can be compensated by the variation of speed. Consequently, with a suitable choice of the profile, the difference in speed or group flight times between rays can be reduced. As is known, a powerful tool for determining the quality of an optical system is the MTF (Modulation Transfer Function), this function measures the capacity in which an optical system reproduces in the image of the object under observation its finer details, which is also called contrast. This work consists of characterizing the image transfer through three GRIN media in different lengths (and steps), by using the modulation transfer (MTF). Quantitative determinations were obtained using software specially designed for this purpose in MATLAB.Fil: Corti, Maria Agustina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico la Plata. Centro de Investigaciones Opticas (i); Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas; ArgentinaFil: Zerbino, Lia Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico La Plata. Centro de Investigaciones Opticas (i); Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ingenieria; ArgentinaFil: Garavaglia, Mario Jose. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico La Plata. Centro de Investigaciones Opticas (i); Argentin

Biopsia óptica: descripción general y medidas preliminares por espectroscopía óptica de autofluorescencia

Usualmente llamamos “biopsia” a un procedimiento médico invasivo mediante el cual se toma una muestra de tejido y se remite al laboratorio de patología para su análisis con fines diagnósticos. A diferencia de ésta, una “biopsia óptica” es un procedimiento no invasivo de diagnóstico, en el que se que realiza un análisis del tejido con un sistema óptico mediante técnicas láser, infrarrojo, fluorescencia, espectroscopías, microscopías, entre otras. Es decir, no se extrae una muestra del tejido del organismo. Al tejido a analizar se accede a través de la superficie del cuerpo, (incluido el análisis de la propia piel), o por vía endoscópica a la superficie de la mucosa de cualquier cavidad. Sus principales ventajas respecto de la biopsia convencional se centran en evitar tanto la posibilidad de diseminación de células malignas cuanto los retardos propios de la biopsia convencional. Esto es primordial en los casos que el diagnóstico rápido de malignidad permite un tratamiento inmediato, ya que esta técnica realiza in-situ el análisis de los cambios bioquímicos de los tejidos de pacientes. No obstante se requiere un exhaustivo trabajo de investigación para correlacionar los resultados de la biopsia convencional con los de la biopsia óptica antes de implementar un servicio que sólo atienda a los pacientes por biopsias ópticas. En el presente trabajo se describe la técnica de Espectroscopía Óptica de Fluorescencia y los resultados de algunos estudios preliminares de biopsias ópticas realizadas mediante ésta, (en particular la autofluorescencia), comparando la fluorescencia natural del tejido sano y del tejido patológico, de manera de contribuir al diagnóstico médico.The invasive medical procedure in which a sample of human tissue is removed and sent to the pathology laboratory for analysis for diagnostic purposes is usually called “biopsy”. Instead, an optical biopsy is a noninvasive diagnostic procedure that performs an analysis of the tissue with an optical system using different techniques such as laser, infrared, fluorescence, spectroscopy, microscopy, among others. The sample of tissue of the body is not removed. The tissue to be analyzed is accessed through the body surface, including the analysis of the skin itself, or by endoscope to the mucosal surface of any cavity. Its main advantages over conventional biopsy are based on avoiding the possible spread of malignant cells by the latter, and avoid the intrinsic delays of conventional biopsy, in the cases in which the rapid diagnosis of malignancy allows immediate treatment, since this technique makes in-situ analysis of biochemical changes of patient´s tissues. However, significant research work is required to correlate the results of conventional biopsy with those resulting from optical biopsy before setting up a service that only treats patients by means of optical biopsies. In this paper the technique of Fluorescence Spectroscopy Optics, as well as the results of some preliminary studies of optical biopsies through it, (especially the autofluorescence) is described, comparing the natural fluorescence of healthy tissue and pathological tissue, way of contributing towards medical diagnosis

Optical Biopsy. General description and preliminary measures by autofluorescence optical spectroscopy

Usualmente llamamos “biopsia” a un procedimiento médico invasivo mediante el cual se toma una muestra de tejido y se remite al laboratorio de patología para su análisis con fines diagnósticos. A diferencia de ésta, una “biopsia óptica” es un procedimiento no invasivo de diagnóstico, en el que se que realiza un análisis del tejido con un sistema óptico mediante técnicas láser, infrarrojo, fluorescencia, espectroscopías, microscopías, entre otras. Es decir, no se extrae una muestra del tejido del organismo. Al tejido a analizar se accede a través de la superficie del cuerpo, (incluido el análisis de la propia piel), o por vía endoscópica a la superficie de la mucosa de cualquier cavidad. Sus principales ventajas respecto de la biopsia convencional se centran en evitar tanto la posibilidad de diseminación de células malignas cuanto los retardos propios de la biopsia convencional. Esto es primordial en los casos que el diagnóstico rápido de malignidad permite un tratamiento inmediato, ya que esta técnica realiza in-situ el análisis de los cambios bioquímicos de los tejidos de pacientes. No obstante se requiere un exhaustivo trabajo de investigación para correlacionar los resultados de la biopsia convencional con los de la biopsia óptica antes de implementar un servicio que sólo atienda a los pacientes por biopsias ópticas. En el presente trabajo se describe la técnica de Espectroscopía Óptica de Fluorescencia y los resultados de algunos estudios preliminares de biopsias ópticas realizadas mediante ésta, (en particular la autofluorescencia), comparando la fluorescencia natural del tejido sano y del tejido patológico, de manera de contribuir al diagnóstico médico.The invasive medical procedure in which a sample of human tissue is removed and sent to the pathology laboratory for analysis for diagnostic purposes is usually called “biopsy”. Instead, an optical biopsy is a noninvasive diagnostic procedure that performs an analysis of the tissue with an optical system using different techniques such as laser, infrared, fluorescence, spectroscopy, microscopy, among others. The sample of tissue of the body is not removed. The tissue to be analyzed is accessed through the body surface, including the analysis of the skin itself, or by endoscope to the mucosal surface of any cavity. Its main advantages over conventional biopsy are based on avoiding the possible spread of malignant cells by the latter, and avoid the intrinsic delays of conventional biopsy, in the cases in which the rapid diagnosis of malignancy allows immediate treatment, since this technique makes insitu analysis of biochemical changes of patient´s tissues. However, significant research work is required to correlate the results of conventional biopsy with those resulting from optical biopsy before setting up a service that only treats patients by means of optical biopsies. In this paper the technique of Fluorescence Spectroscopy Optics, as well as the results of some preliminary studies of optical biopsies through it, (especially the autofluorescence) is described, comparing the natural fluorescence of healthy tissue and pathological tissue, way of contributing towards medical diagnosis.Fil: Corti, Agustina. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Departamento de Física; ArgentinaFil: Garavaglia, Mario Jose. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico la Plata. Centro de Investigaciones Opticas (i); Argentina. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Departamento de Física; Argentin

Notes on the systematic value of the tongue morphology in different genera and species groups of lacertid lizards (Reptilia: Lacertidae)

The tongue shape and its epidermal structure was examined in a stock of palearctic and paleotropical lizards from Europe, Africa, the Middle East and south eastern Asia. The results of this preliminary report clearly point out the systematic importance of this morphological feature in providing valuable generic and specific characters. The fundamental pattern described for the genera Podarcis, Lacerta sensu stricto and Gallotia, e. g., is very distinctive despite several features in common, likely due to ancient phyletic relationships. A number of similar morphological trends stress the reciprocal affinities between Lacerta (Archaeolacerta) and the widely spread genus Podarcis which is still undergoing speciation. Another case is the minor but significant affinities linking the genera Lacerta sensu stricto and Gallotia, the latter also undergoing more complicated speciation due to its insular isolation. The interspecific differences in the taxa belonging to the so-called “species groups” such as Podarcis, are scanty or insignificant. Instead there are striking differences in the generic patterns of the tongue morphology in Afro-Asian lacertid lizards. However, a similar pattern was found in the African genera Adolfus and Holaspis or Centromastix (= Gastropholis according to Arnold, 1989) and Ichnotropis.Material digitalizado en SEDICI gracias a la colaboración del Dr. Jorge Williams (FCNM-UNLP).Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

Notes on the systematic value of the tongue morphology in different genera and species groups of lacertid lizards (Reptilia: Lacertidae)

The tongue shape and its epidermal structure was examined in a stock of palearctic and paleotropical lizards from Europe, Africa, the Middle East and south eastern Asia. The results of this preliminary report clearly point out the systematic importance of this morphological feature in providing valuable generic and specific characters. The fundamental pattern described for the genera Podarcis, Lacerta sensu stricto and Gallotia, e. g., is very distinctive despite several features in common, likely due to ancient phyletic relationships. A number of similar morphological trends stress the reciprocal affinities between Lacerta (Archaeolacerta) and the widely spread genus Podarcis which is still undergoing speciation. Another case is the minor but significant affinities linking the genera Lacerta sensu stricto and Gallotia, the latter also undergoing more complicated speciation due to its insular isolation. The interspecific differences in the taxa belonging to the so-called “species groups” such as Podarcis, are scanty or insignificant. Instead there are striking differences in the generic patterns of the tongue morphology in Afro-Asian lacertid lizards. However, a similar pattern was found in the African genera Adolfus and Holaspis or Centromastix (= Gastropholis according to Arnold, 1989) and Ichnotropis.Material digitalizado en SEDICI gracias a la colaboración del Dr. Jorge Williams (FCNM-UNLP).Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse