Ambiguity resolution for satellite Doppler positioning systems

A test for ambiguity resolution was derived which was the most powerful in the sense that it maximized the probability of a correct decision. When systematic error sources were properly included in the least squares reduction process to yield an optimal solution, the test reduced to choosing the solution which provided the smaller valuation of the least squares loss function. When systematic error sources were ignored in the least squares reduction, the most powerful test was a quadratic form comparison with the weighting matrix of the quadratic form obtained by computing the pseudo-inverse of a reduced rank square matrix. A formula is presented for computing the power of the most powerful test. A numerical example is included in which the power of the test is computed for a situation which may occur during an actual satellite aided search and rescue mission

The Effect of Coffee and Salt on Elderly Restriction with Hypertension

Introduction: One of elderly's problem in Health Center Karambitan II Tabanan Bali was hypertension. Elderly usually likes or has a habit consuming coffee and salty food everyday. This study was used a pre-experimental one group pre-post test design. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of consumption limitation of coffee and salt on vital sign in elderly with hypertension. The subjects were elderly with hypertension which stay with their family who lived at Karambitan II Tabanan Bali Health Center region. Method: There were 28 samples which recruited by using total sampling who met to the inclusion criteria. Data were analyzed by using Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test, with significance level α≤0.05. Result: The result showed that there was an effect of consumption limitation of coffee and salt on systolic blood pressure (p=0.00000), diastolic blood pressure (p=0.00000) and heart rate (p=0.00000). Discussion: It can be concluded that there was an effect of consumption limitation of coffee and salt to decrease blood pressure and heart rate in elderly with hypertension who lived at Karambitan II Tabanan Bali Health Center regio. Community nurses should give health education for elderly in public health center periodically for reducing incidence of hypertension

Correction of laser range tracking data for atmospheric refraction at elevations above 10 degrees

A formula for correcting laser measurements of satellite range for the effect of atmospheric refraction is given. The corrections apply above 10 deg elevation to satellites whose heights exceed 70 km. The meteorological measurements required are the temperature, pressure, and relative humidity of the air at the laser site at the time of satellite pass. The accuracy of the formula was tested by comparison with corrections obtained by ray-tracing radiosonde profiles. The standard deviation of the difference between the refractive retardation given by the formula and that calculated by ray-tracing was less than about 0.04% of the retardation or about 0.5 cm at 10 deg elevation, decreasing to 0.04 cm near zenith

Safer ventilation of the injured lung: one step closer

Prevention of iatrogenic injury due to ventilation of a heterogeneous lung requires knowledge of dynamic regional events occurring within the tidal cycle. Quantitative bedside imaging techniques that are sensitive to regional mechanics and tidal events hold potential for information delivery that cannot be realized by pressure-volume monitoring alone

Acoustic monitoring – super sonics?

Vesicular breath sounds, wheezes, rhonchi, and crackles possess acoustic 'signatures' amenable to detection, quantification, and moment-by-moment visual display. Despite technical hurdles, new methods for sonic evaluation, once perfected, should offer innovative diagnostic and monitoring tools that add clinical value. These emerging options complement current 'static/global' monitoring of mechanics and gas exchange with dynamic regional information long missing from the optimal care of the ventilated patient with critical illness

How best to recruit the injured lung?

Sustained re-opening of collapsed lung tissue (recruitment) requires the application of airway pressures that exceed those of the tidal cycle. The post-maneuver PEEP as well as the duration of high pressure application are also key factors in its success, with their accompanying potential for hemodynamic compromise. Although a wide variety of recruiting maneuvers have been described, the technique that strikes the best balance between efficacy and risk may well vary among patients with differing right heart loading status and lung properties