Application Of Reclaimed Wastewater In The Irrigation Of Rosebushes

The use of reclaimed wastewater in agriculture can be a solution for regions with water shortages or low rainfall periods; besides fulfilling the crop's water needs, it would also promote the recycle of nutrients. However, care should be taken regarding soil salinization, especially in closed environments such as greenhouses for the cultivation of ornamental plants. The domestic effluents are rich in sodium which can accumulate on soil and cause soil sealing. This study evaluated the use of effluents from anaerobic filters and intermittent sand filters in the production of rosebushes (Rosa hybrida "Ambiance"). The crop yield of the rosebushes irrigated with reclaimed wastewater exceeded the one obtained with traditional cultivation, reaching a value 31.8 % higher when employing nitrified effluent originated from intermittent sand filters, with no difference in the product quality. The salinity levels are below the critical limits found in the literature; however, there was a significant increase compared to the irrigation with drinking water. © 2013 The Author(s).2249Al-Lahham, O., El Assi, N.M., Fayyad, M., Impact of treated wastewater irrigation on quality attributes and contamination of tomato fruit (2003) Agricultural Water Management Journal, 61 (1), pp. 51-62. , 10.1016/S0378-3774(02)00173-7(2005) Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, , APHA, AWWA, WEF 21th ed. Washington DC, USAAyres, R.S., Westcot, D.W., (2008) Water Quality for Agriculture, , FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper No 29 FAO, Rome, ItalyCasarini, E., (2000) Manejo da Irrigação Na Cultura da Roseira Cultivada em Ambiente Protegido. Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, , Univ. São Paulo Piracicaba, SPCasarini, E., (2004) Doses de N e K Aplicados Via Fertirrigação Na Cultura da Roseira (Rosa Sp.) em Ambiente Protegido, , Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Univ. São Paulo Piracicaba, SPCabrera, R.I., Effect of NaCl salinity and nitrogen fertilizer formulation on yield and nutrient status of roses (2001) Acta Horticulturae, 547, pp. 255-260. , 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXltFShs7o%3DCararo, D.C., Botrel, T.A., Hills, D.J., Leverenz, H.L., Analysis of clogging in drip emitters during wastewater irrigation (2006) Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 22, pp. 251-257Carr, R.M., Blumenthal, U.J., Mara, D.D., Health guidelines for the use of wastewater in agriculture: Developing realistic guidelines (2004) Wastewater Use in Irrigated Agriculture Confronting the Livelihood and Environmental RealitiesChow, A., Chau, A., Heinz, K.M., Reducing fertilization for cut roses: Effect on crop productivity and twospotted spider mite abundance, distribution, and management (2009) Journal of Economic Entomology, 102 (5), pp. 1896-1907. , 10.1603/029.102.0521 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhtlCns73NCoppola, A., Santini, A., Botti, P., Vacca, S., Comegna, V., Severino, G., Methodological approach for evaluating the response of soil hydrological behavior to irrigation with treated municipal wastewater (2004) Journal of Hydrology, 292 (1-4), pp. 114-134. , 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2003.12.028 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXjs1CmsLw%3DCrook, J., Quality criteria for reclaimed water (1991) Water Science and Technology, 24 (9), pp. 109-121. , 1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXms1aqurs%3DDe Paula, A.M., Da Fonseca, A.F., Cardoso, E., Melfi, A.J., Microbial metabolic potential affected by surplus wastewater irrigation in tropical soil cultivated with Tifton 85 Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon Pers. X C. niemfuensis Vanderyst) (2010) Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 205, pp. 161-171. , 10.1007/s11270-009-0063-3 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhsFOgtb7MFeigin, A., Ginzburg, C., Gileadi, S., Ackerman, A., Effect of NH4/NO3 ratio in nutrient solution on growth and yield of greenhouse roses (1986) Acta Horticulturae, 189, pp. 127-132Freitas, C.A.S., Silva, A.R.A., Bezerra, F.M.L., Andrade, R.R., Mota, F.S.B., Aquino, B.F., Growth of irrigated sunflower under different water sources and nitrogen fertilization (2012) Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental, 16 (10), pp. 1031-1039. , 10.1590/S1415-43662012001000001Hassanli, A.M., Ebrahimizadeh, M.A., Beecham, S., The effects of irrigation methods with effluent and irrigation scheduling on water use efficiency and corn yield in arid region (2009) Agricultural Water Management, 96 (1), pp. 93-99. , 10.1016/j.agwat.2008.07.004Lavee, D., A cost-benefit analysis of alternative wastewater treatment standards: A case study in Israel (2010) Water and Environment Journal, 25 (4), pp. 504-512. , 10.1111/j.1747-6593.2010.00246.xLubello, C., Gori, R., Nicese, F.P., Ferrini, F., Municipal-treated wastewater reuse for plant nurseries irrigation (2004) Water Research, 38 (12), pp. 2939-2947. , 10.1016/j.watres.2004.03.037 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXltFOntbg%3DMonnet, F., Vaillant, N., Hitmi, A., Vernay, P., Coudret, A., Sallanon, H., Treatment of domestic wastewater using the nutrient film technique (NFT) to produce horticultura roses (2002) Water Research, 36, pp. 3489-3496. , 10.1016/S0043-1354(02)00058-1 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XlvFOmt7c%3DNirit, B., Asher, B.T., Haya, F., Pini, S., Ilona, R., Amram, C., Marina, I., Application of treated wastewater for cultivation of roses (Rosa hybrida) in soilless culture (2006) Scientia Horticulturae, 108, pp. 185-193. , 10.1016/j.scienta.2006.02.001 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XisFOqt74%3DPizaro, F., (1990) Riegos Localizados de Alta Frecuencia, , 2 Ediciones Mundi-Prensa MadridRaij, B., Lopes, A.S., Casanova, E., Días-Zorita, M., Integrated nutrient management: Experience from South America (2008) Integrated Nutrient Management for Sustainable Crop Production, pp. 421-466. , M.S. Aulakh C.A. Grant (eds) Haworth LondonRengasamy, P., Olsson, K.A., Sodicity and soil structure (1991) Australian Journal of Soil Research, 29, pp. 935-952. , 10.1071/SR9910935 1:CAS:528:DyaK38XitlCmsr4%3DSmirnoff, N., Stewart, G.R., Nitrate assimilation and translocation by higher plants: Comparative physiology and ecological consequences (1985) Physiologia Plantarum, 64, pp. 133-140. , 10.1111/j.1399-3054.1985.tb02326.x 1:CAS:528:DyaL2MXks1yhs7g%3DTonetti, A.L., Coraucci Filho, B., Bertoncini, E.I., Oliveira, R.A., Stefanutti, R., Avaliação de um sistema simplificado de tratamento de esgotos visando a utilização em áreas rurais (2010) Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental, 14 (2), pp. 227-234. , 10.1590/S1415-43662010000200015Woodson, W.R., Boodley, J.W., Effects of nitrogen form and potassium concentration on growth, flowering and nitrogen utilization of greenhouse roses (1982) Journal of American Society of Science, 107 (2), pp. 275-278. , 1:CAS:528:DyaL38XktVGhu7s%3