New Perspectives on the Sanctuary of Aesculapius in Nora (Sardinia): From Photogrammetry to Visualizing and Querying Tools

The ritual space of the Sanctuary of Aesculapius in Nora (Sardinia) is the main focus of a recent archaeological campaign led by the Cultural Heritage Department of the University of Padova. A partnership with 3DOM research group (Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento) has offered new opportunities for a digital investigation of the site. The aim of the project is to map and visualize the sanctuary with methodologies enabling different users to engage with the site in new ways. They offer different web tools for exploring, understanding and interacting with the site, by focusing on 3D modelling, semantic enrichment and the contextualization of digital records. The entire site of Nora has been surveyed by a drone, which produced a digital model of the peninsula. A number of outputs have been used for different scales of visualization and a range of purposes: an open source multi-resolution web renderer is used to navigate the point cloud, labelled using a system of bounding boxes. At the same time it provides access to a 2.5D model of each building. Plugins in QGIS are used to produce extrusions of any mapped feature, gaining height values from the point cloud, and attributes from the shapefile. Photogrammetric models of single ritual artifacts can be located in their own context and be displayed using 3D web renderers

Sustainability assessment of agriculture water use under water scarcity limitation and climate change adaptation

Irrigation accounts for about 70% of the global freshwater withdrawals and 90% of consumptive water uses. With 40% of irrigation water consumption occurring in water scarce areas, there is a need to understand to what extent freshwater can be sustainably used in agriculture without compromising environmental flows or depleting groundwater stocks. To date, methods that can be used to evaluate the vulnerability of the water system to climate change and the sustainability of water use for irrigation often fail to provide an integrated analysis of the biophysical and economic dimensions of water use. Here we develop a new approach to evaluate the sustainability of water use in agriculture in conditions of water scarcity. We propose a framework that accounts for both socio-economic and environmental aspects of water sustainability based on three criteria expressing the reliability, resilience, and vulnerability of irrigation. Reliability is calculated as the probability that the system is able to meet irrigation need (i.e. irrigation water demand does not exceed water availability). Resilience expresses the system\u2019s ability to adapt to a changing condition and recover from a shock (i.e. a drought or conditions of water stress). Vulnerability is the magnitude (or \u2018severity\u2019) of the water deficit (i.e. insufficient irrigation water availability) the system is exposed to. Similar metrics are used to characterize the economic sustainability of irrigation. The evaluation of performance is based on the frequency of a deficit situation on each dimension of sustainability. The criteria of performance are aggregated into sub-indicators for each dimension of sustainability. The application of this framework to the case of Australian agriculture for the 2002-2016 period shows that Australia suffers from a high level of water scarcity, especially during the growing season. The analysis of the framework highlights the sustainability and unsustainability of the Australian water use system both in space and time. This analysis informs new criteria for managing a sustainable use of water resources, which is becoming challenging for stakeholders. Farmers need to adopt water management approaches that allow for a sustainable water use for irrigation and overcome water scarcity constraints

A comparison of low-cost techniques for three-dimensional animal body measurement in livestock buildings

Data about health and development of animals are still now mostly collected through manual measurements or visual observations but these kinds of methods of collecting data are causes of several problems. Alternatively, optical sensing techniques can be implemented in order to overcome limitations arising from manual contact measurements. The present research discusses metrological analysis of Structure from motion (SfM) photogrammetry approach, low-cost LiDAR scanning and Microsoft Kinect v1 depth camera to three- dimensional animal body measurement, with specific reference to pigs. Analyses were carried out on fiberglass model to get rid of animal movements. Scans were captured based on a segmented approach, where different portion of the body have been imaged during different frames acquisition tasks. The obtained results demonstrate the high potential of 3D Kinect. LiDAR show a higher RMS value respect to Kinect and SfM most probably due to the collection approach based on single profiles rather than on surfaces. Anyway, the RMS of relative noise ranges between 0.7 and 4 mm, showing a high accuracy of reconstructions even for the others techniques

efficacy of biofeedback and cognitive behavioural therapy in psoriatic patientsa single blind randomized and controlled study with added narrow band ultraviolet b therapy

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Scanning Probe Microscopy for polymer film characterization in food packaging

Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a branch of microscopy allowing characterization of surfaces at the micro-scale by means of a physical probe (with a size of a few microns) raster scanning the sample. SPMs monitor the interaction between such probe and the surface and, depending on the specific physical principles causing the interaction, they allow generation of a quantitative map of topographic properties: geometrical, optical, electrical, magnetic, etc. This is of the greatest interest, in particular whenever functional surfaces have to be characterized in a quantitative manner. The present paper discusses the different applications of Scanning Probe Microscopy techniques for a thorough characterization of polymer surfaces, of specific interest in particular for the case of food packaging applications

Polymorphisms of pro-inflammatory IL-6 and IL-1\u3b2 cytokines in ascending aortic aneurysms as genetic modifiers and predictive and prognostic biomarkers

Background: Previous studies have demonstrated that polymorphisms involved in immune genes can affect the risk, pathogenesis, and outcome of thoracic ascending aortic aneurysms (TAAA). Here, we explored the potential associations of five functional promoter polymorphisms in interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1B, IL-1A, IL-18, and Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)A genes with TAAA. Methods: 144 TAAA patients and 150 age/gender matched controls were typed using KASPar assays. Effects on telomere length and levels of TAAA related histopathological and serological markers were analyzed. Results: Significant associations with TAAA risk were obtained for IL-6 rs1800795G>C and IL-1B rs16944C>T SNPs. In addition, the combined rs1800795C/rs16944T genotype showed a synergic effect on TAAA pathogenesis and outcome. The combined rs1800795C/rs16944T genotype was significantly associated with: (a) higher serum levels of both cytokines and MMP-9 and-2; (b) a significant CD3+CD4+CD8+ CD68+CD20+ cell infiltration in aorta aneurysm tissues; (c) a significant shorter telomere length and alterations in telomerase activity. Finally, it significantly correlated with TAAA aorta tissue alterations, including elastic fragmentation, medial cell apoptosis, cystic medial changes, and MMP-9 levels. Conclusions: the combined rs1800795C/rs16944T genotype appears to modulate TAAA risk, pathogenesis, and outcome, and consequently can represent a potential predictive and prognostic TAAA biomarker for individual management, implementation of innovative treatments, and selection of the more proper surgical timing and approaches

Percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation in patients with severe low anterior resection syndrome: randomized clinical trial

Treatment of low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) is challenging. Percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) can improve select bowel disorders. An RCT was conducted to assess the efficacy of PTNS compared with sham stimulation in patients with severe LARS

Preventive Effect of Cow's Milk Fermented with Lactobacillus paracasei CBA L74 on Common Infectious Diseases in Children: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: Fermented foods have been proposed to prevent common infectious diseases (CIDs) in children attending day care or preschool