Estimation of Carbon Footprint Pattern at Nile University of Nigeria: A Technical Campus in Nigeria

This research estimates the amount and pattern of Greenhouse Gas emissions in Nile University of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria. Footprint from onsite energy production, transport, gardening and cooking fuels were calculated as major emission sources in university campuses using IPCC’s guideline for assessment and reporting GHG. The calculated annual GHGs emission of the university was 5,466.3964tCO2e. Emission due to transportation was 71%, while 24.7%, 2.7% and 0.8% of the university emissions were from onsite energy generation, cooking fuel and gardening respectively. It was established the university’s per capita GHG emissions is lesser than what is suggested by the Kyoto Protocol. Notwithstanding, it can further be reduced by using electricity and LPG more efficiently, provision and incentivizing the use of mass transits

Vertical transport of PM and PM and its source identification in the street canyons of Chennai metropolitan city, India

Chemical characterization of particulate matter (PM) measured along trafficked roads in Chennai city was performed during the winter season. Several heights, from 3 m to about 38 m above the ground level, and road geometries were taken into account. The daily average coarse (PM10) and fine (PM2.5) particles concentrations were in the range 72-110 (for PM10) and 34-57 mu g/m(3) (for PM2.5), depending on the site. Samples were analyzed in terms of inorganic ions using Ion Chromatography (IC) and elements by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Results indicated the dominance of SO42- followed by Na+, Ca2+, NO3- and Cl- ions in the coarse fraction; similarly, in the fine fraction ion concentrations decreased in the following order: SO42-, NH4+, K+ and Ca2+. Among the elements, crustal element (Al, Fe) and Zn concentrations were much higher (accounting about 90% of the total elemental concentration) than other toxic elements (Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sn, Ti and V). No element showed a significant dependence on height, expect for calcium at site 'Velachery' which contributed significantly to the abundance of the coarse fraction mass. In order to identify the major sources of air pollution, the collected data were analyzed using Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF), allowing to highlight five dominant pollution sources/factors: secondary PM, road traffic, biomass burning, sea spray and crustal erosion. Overall, the present study provided a new insight for the source apportionment of monitored pollutants in the Chennai city