Use Patterns of Aerospace Monographs: A Research Survey of Aerospace Scientists and Engineers of Bangalore

A large number of Aerospace Monographs are frequently referred by the aerospace scientists and engineers of Bangalore for their day to day research work. A research survey was undertaken to ascertain the ‘Use Patterns’ of these Aerospace Monographs amongst these aerospace scientists and engineers of the selected 16 aerospace organizations of Bangalore. The study is restricted to the geographic boundary of the city of Bangalore. Out of the 650 survey questionnaires distributed to the scientists and engineers, a total number of 612 were received back and finally 583 responses found suitable for the study. The total percentage of responses usable from all the 16 aerospace organizations amounted to 89.7 percent. The analysis is based on the responses received from the aerospace scientists and engineers representing these selected aerospace organizations. The responses from the participants towards the use of Aerospace Monographs were graded on a scale of 4 to 0, 4 representing ‘Daily’ and ‘0’ representing ‘Never’. The major findings that the authors would like to report in this paper are: (a) Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was applied for testing the significant difference among the mean scores attained from 16 aerospace organizations towards the Use Patterns of ’Aerospace Monographs’ It is observed that all the 16 aerospace organizations show a significant difference (P < 0.05) in their mean scores viz ‘‘Monographs in Aerospace History and Series (http://klabs.org/history/monographs/monographs.htm)’, ‘LS Monographs: Aeronautics, Aeroacoustics’, ‘NASA History Series Publications (http://history.nasa.gov/series95.html)’, , ‘RAND: Monograph/Reports | Aerospace (http://www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/MR1187/’, ‘US Government Bookstore: Monographs in Aerospace History (http://bookstore.gpo.gov/subjects/sb-222.jsp)’, The Aerospace Press / Corporation:(http://www.aero.org/education/tai/index.html) ’, ‘Aerospace Projects Review: (http://www.up-ship.com/apr/apr.htm)’, ‘Enchanted Rendezvous (history.nasa.gov/monograph4/foreword.htm)’, except for ‘American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) – The Aerospace (http://www.aiaa.org/content.cfm?pageid=174), (P=0.078)’, ‘NASA Dryden History Monographs Aerospace(http://cgi.ebay.com/Nasa-Dryden-History-Monographs-Aerospace), (P=0.055)’, ‘NASA’s Origin and the Dawn of the Space Age (http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/NASA's_Origins_and_the_Dawn_of_the_Space_Age)’ and ‘Any other’

Use Patterns of Core Aerospace Engineering E-databases, Gateways and Standards: A Research Survey of Aerospace Scientists and Engineers of Bangalore

A large number of core Aerospace Engineering e-Databases, Gateways and Standards are frequently referred by the aerospace scientists and engineers of Bangalore for their day to day research work, for keeping updated in their subject, for gathering information, for writing technical proposals and reports, for increasing scholarly productivity and finally to be current with global R&D. A research survey was undertaken to ascertain the ‘Use Patterns’ of these databases, gateways and standards amongst these aerospace scientists and engineers of the selected 16 aerospace organizations of Bangalore. The study is restricted to the geographic boundary of the city of Bangalore. Out of the 650 survey questionnaires distributed to the scientists and engineers, a total number of 612 were received back and finally 583 responses found suitable for the study. The total percentage of responses usable from all the 16 aerospace organizations amounted to 89.7 percent. The analysis is based on the responses received from the aerospace scientists and engineers representing these selected aerospace organizations. The responses from the participants towards the use of core aerospace engineering databases, gateways and standards were graded on a scale of 4 to 0, 4 representing ‘Daily’ and ‘0’ representing ‘Never’. The major findings that the authors would like to report in this paper are: (a) Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was applied for testing the significant difference among the mean scores attained from 16 aerospace organizations towards the Use Patterns of ’Aerospace Engineering e-Databases’, ‘Gateways’ and ‘Standards’. It isobserved that all the 16 aerospace organizations show a significant difference (P < 0.05) in their mean scores viz., ‘Aerospace Databases’, ‘AIAA Meeting Papers’, ‘’IEEE Explore’, ‘NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)’, ‘NTIS (CSA)’, ‘Thomas Register’ and ‘AIAA’ except for ‘Aerospace and High Technology Database through Cambridge Science Abstracts (CSA)’, ‘Inside Science’, ‘SAE International(P=0.089)’, ‘Compendex’, ‘INSPEC’, ‘Aerospace Defence Industry Data Finder’ and ‘Aerospace Industries Association’ [Core Aerospace Engineering e-Databases]; ‘AERADE’, ‘GALCIT’, ‘IAIN’, ‘FAA’, ‘NASA’, ‘Space Today Online’ and ‘Yahoo Index for Aeronautics and Space Administration’ except for ‘ERAU’ [Aerospace Gateways]; ‘AIA NAS SET’, ‘NAS 1352’, ‘NAS 1637’, ‘NAS 410’, ‘NASM20470’, ‘NASM21209’, ‘NASM33537’, ’14 CFR 1-59’, ‘AGMA 911’, ‘API/IP SPEC 1581’, ‘AP/IP SPEC 1583’, ‘API/IP STD 1529’, ‘API/IP STD 1542’,‘ARINC 429 P1’ ‘ARINC 600’, ‘ASTM D 1655’, ‘ASTM D 471’, ‘ASTM E 1742’, ‘ASTM E 399’, ‘AWS D17.1’, ‘BS EN 2282’, ‘BS EN 2424’, ‘DATCOM’ ‘JAA & GM Complete Set’, ‘JAA Complete Set’, ‘MIL-STD-704’, ‘NEMA WC 27500’, ‘RTCA DO178’, RTCA DO254’, ‘SAE AMS 2175’, ‘SAE AMS 2644’, ‘SAE AMS-H-6875’, ‘SAE AMS QQ-P-416’, ‘SAE AS 478’, ‘SAE AE 9100’, ‘SAE AS 9102’, ‘DO178-B’, ‘DO-254’, ‘DO-160D’, ‘ARINC 400 Series’, ‘ARINC 500 Series’, ‘ARINC 600 Series’, ‘ARINC 700 Series’, ‘ARINC 800 Series’ and ‘ARINC 900 Series’, except for ‘AGMA 925(P = 0.071)’ [Aerospace Standards]

Use Patterns of Aerospace Patent Services: A Research Survey of Aerospace Scientists and Engineers of Bangalore

Electronic information resources like e-books, e-journals, e-databases, e-technical reports, e-conference proceedings and scholarly treatises are well known to the aerospace scientists and engineers. These are important sources of technological information to them. In addition to these, patent documents which are published by many patent offices across the world contain immense technological information. Generally, patents are overlooked as a very important information source. Actually, they constitute a rich source of information which is highly valuable in teaching a state of a given technological art, and thereby contribute to invention and innovation. This study is restricted to the geographic boundary of the city of Bangalore. The total percentage of responses usable from all the 16 aerospace organizations amounted to 89.7 percent. These responses were graded on a scale of 4 to 0, 4 representing ‘Daily’ and ‘0’ representing ‘Never’. The major findings that the authors would like to report in this paper are: Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was applied for testing the significant difference among the 16 mean scores attained from the scientists and engineers of the aerospace organizations for ‘Free Aerospace Patent Services Regularly Referred for Research Work’. It is observed that all the 16 aerospace organizations show a significant difference (P < 0.05) in their mean scores viz., ‘‘The Institute of Engineering (IET)’, ‘ALTAR Aerospace Patents’, ‘BE Aerospace Patents’, ‘Franklin E Gibbs, Esq. Bigelow Aerospace Patents’, ‘Above Patents Aerospace Research’, ‘http://www.boeing.com’, ‘NAVAIR’, ‘http://www.patentsform.us/patents’,‘http://www.theengineer.co.uk/Search’, ‘STG Aerospace’, ‘Asia’s New High Tech Competitors’, ‘http://www.invention_protection.com/ip/publications/docs/Provisional_Patent_Applications_Pros_&_Cons.html’ and ‘Any other’ except for ‘www.freepatentsonline.com (P=0.090)’, ‘http://www.tmcnet.com (P=0.099)’, ‘Military and Electronics Forum (P=0.083)’ and ‘http://www.alcoa.com/global/en/innovation/paper_patents

Use Patterns of Aerospace Engineering Discussion Forums / Newsgroups, Blogs and Wikis: A Rresearch Survey of Aerospace Scientists and Engineers of Bangalore

Aerospace is seen as a key technology today owing to its huge growth in Asia in general and India in particular. Indian aerospace scientists and engineers currently working on strategically important projects depend heavily on rapid collection of information from various electronic information resources. A research survey was undertaken to ascertain the ‘Use Patterns’ of core aerospace engineering discussion forums, blogs and wikis amongst the selected 16 aerospace organizations of Bangalore. The total percentage of responses usable (from the survey questionnaire distributed) from all the 16 aerospace organizations amounted to 89.7 percent. The major findings that the authors would like to report in this paper are: (a) Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was applied for testing the significant difference among the mean scores attained from 16 aerospace organizations towards the Use Patterns of ’Aerospace Engineering Discussions Forums/News Groups, Blogs and Wikis. It is observed that all the 16 aerospace organizations show a significant difference (P < 0.05) in their mean scores viz., except for ‘Alexa: The Web Information Company’, ‘Aeronautic Engineers Forum (P = 0.079)’ and ‘NASA Quest, Aerospace Team Online (P = 0.062)’ [Aerospace Engineering Discussion Forums/News Groups]; ‘‘http://cr4.globalspec.com/blog’, ‘http://bigblog.com/search.cgi’, ‘http://blogs.ibibo.com’, ‘http://www.news.indianaerodef.com’, ‘http://www.zibb.com/all/theme/p/Aerospace+Engineering’, ‘http://wordpress.com/tag/aerospace-engineering, http://www.news.indianaerodef.com’, ‘http://www.thinkengineering.net’, ‘http://blogs.discovery.com’, ‘http://www.rocketsawaymedia.com/blog’, ‘http://www.blogcatalog.com/blogs’, ‘http://www.intute.ac.uk/sciences/cgi-bin’, ‘http://aero.tamu.edu’, ‘http://www.engineeringpathway.com/ep/community/community.jhtml?comm=Aerospace-Engineering’, ‘http://www.blogtoplist.com/technology’,‘http://www.britannica.com’,‘http://www.youtube.com’,‘http://community.livejournal.com/aerospaceengnr’, ‘http://www.maeclub.com’, ‘http://crazykid.edublogs.org’, ‘https://www.blogger.com’, ‘http://aerospaceengineering.spaces.live.com’ and ‘Any other’. [Aerospace Blogs]; and except for ‘Aerospace Wiki Browser (http://wiki.chainofthoughts.com/dt/en/Aerospace)’, ‘Aerospace Engineering – JotSpot Wiki (http://fan.jot.com/Forum/Aerospace%20Engineering) (P=0.062)’, ‘Wapedia: Wiki: Aerospace (http://wapedia.mobi/en/Aerospace)’, ‘Aerospace Wikitionary (http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aerospace)’, ‘Marshal Aerospace Wikipedia (http://www.123exp-orgs.com/t/00514335582/) (P=0.056)’ and ‘Aerospace-Wikipedia (http://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerospace)’. [AerospaceWikis]

A Cross-Association Analysis of Scientific Designations (Grades) with the ‘Use Patterns of Scientific Web Sites’ And the ‘Most Preferred File Formats For E-Journal Downloads’ Amongst the Aerospace Scientists and Engineers of Bangalore

A large number of Scientific Web Sites are frequently referred by the aerospace scientists and engineers of Bangalore. These scientists and engineers also frequently download e-journal full-text articles. A research survey was undertaken to ascertain the‘Use’ Patterns of Scientific Web Sites and Most Preferred File Formats for e-Journal Downloads’ amongst these aerospace scientists and engineers of the selected 16 aerospace organizations of Bangalore. The study is restricted to the geographic boundary of the city of Bangalore. Out of the 650 survey questionnaires distributed to the scientists and engineers, a total number of 612 were received back and finally 583 responses found suitable for the study. The total percentage of responses usable from all the 16 aerospace organizations amounted to 89.7 percent. The analysis is based on the responses received from the aerospace scientists and engineers representing these selected aerospace organizations. The major findings that the authors would like to report in this paper are: (a) The Chi-Square test indicates that the different grades (designations) of the Aerospace Scientists and Engineers (Chi-Square = 168.068, P Value = 0.000) by the ‘Frequency of Use of Scientific Web Sites’ have significant association. (b) Also, The Chi-Square test indicates that the different grades (designations) of the Aerospace Scientists and Engineers by the ‘Most Preferred File Format for Full-Text Downloads for PDF’(Chi-Square = 181.284, P = 0.011), ’HTML’(Chi-Square = 174.988, P = 0.024), ‘MS-Word(Chi-Square = 171.326, P = 0.037)’,‘RTF(Chi-Square = 189.748, P = 0.003)’ and for ‘OCR (Chi-Square = 181.266, P = 0.011) have significant association

IMPACT OF INTERNET ON SCHOLARLY COMMUNICATIONS: A SURVEY OF AEROSPACE SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS IN BANGALORE

The coming of the Internet has transformed the way scientific communication among the scientists and engineers in general across the world and more specifically amongst the aerospace scientists and engineers. The Net has changed the way scientists look for information, the various means by which they get their required information from the Internet and most importantly how much they depend on the Internet for their scientific pursuit. In this information age, it is practically impossible for a scientist or engineer to carry out his/her research work without using network and Internet technologies. They use these electronic tools for accessing electronic information resources in the form of e-journals related to their field of specialization right at their desktops through their organization‟s networking facilities. We highlight the role of the Net in spreading scholarly scientific communication. The major findings of this survey study from a total of 583 questionnaires distributed to selected Indian aerospace organizations in Bangalore reveals that: (a) The most popular place of use of the Internet amongst the aerospace scientists and engineers is "Right at their Desktop", followed by "Access from their Homes". Access from "Cyber Café", "The Organization‟s Library", "Access from other Departments" and "Access from another Library" occupy lesser priorities. (b) The overall average monthly usage of the Internet gets a mean value of 84.19 which implies that on an average the selected aerospace organizations are familiar and have had exposure to the Net for at least 7.01 years. (c) The main purpose of using the Internet amongst this "niche" aerospace engineering community happens to be for "Sending and receiving e-mails", followed by "Collecting general information" and "Accessing e-Resources (e-Journals, e-Books and e-Databases)", and "Download software for scientific research". (d) The main motivation factors to use the Net amongst this community are "To update self-knowledge in the area of research" followed by "User-friendly search engines" and "Easy access to resources". (e) The most frequently used search engines are "Google", followed by "Yahoo" and "Alta Vista". (f) The most popular scientific web sites accessed and used are "Google Scholar", followed by "Google Book" and "SCIRUS". (g) The biggest bottleneck faced by these scientists and engineers while accessing the Net are "Very poor Internet connectivity (low speed)" followed by "Getting irrelevant information" and "Internet charges are high"