Facing in the sick sinus syndrome as compared with patients with heart block

U Općoj bolnici Osijek ugradili smo 81 bolesniku trajni VVI električni stimulator srca. Šezdeset i jednom bolesniku ugrađen je trajni stimulator zbog AV bloka III stupnja i Mobitza II, a dvadesetorici bolesnika zbog sindroma bolesnog sinusnog čvora (SBSČ). Od 20 bolesnika sa SBSČ, 12 je imalo sinus bradikardiju, 3 sinus arest i 5 bradikardija-tahikardija sidrom. Komparirali smo bolesnike s AV blokom i SBSČ. Sinkopa je značajno češća u bolesnika s AV blokom. Pedeset i tri bolesnika s AV blokom i 11 sa SBSČ imali su sinkopu. Povremena fibrilacija atrija daleko se. češće javlja u bolesnika sa SBSČ (8:1). Hipertenzija i kardiomegalija je nešto češća u bolesnika s AV blokom. Prije ugradnje električnog stimulatora, dekompenziran je 21 (34%) bolesnik s AV blokom i 4 (20%) sa SBSČ. Nakon ugradnje većina je bolesnika kompenzirana. U razdoblju od 8 mjeseci do 5 godina nakon implantacije, umrlo je 12 bolesnika s AV blokom i 2 bolesnika sa SBSČ. Većina bolesnika, 12 od 14, umrla je od ekstrakardijalnih uzroka. Ugradnja električnog stimulatora liječi akutne probleme mnogim bolesnicima i pobolj­ šava kvalitet života.We have implanted VVI pulse generator in 81 patients. Sixty one had AV bleck III and Mobitz II and 20 patients had sick sinus node syndrome (SSS). Among these 20 patients with SSS 3 had sinus arrest, 12 sinus bradycardia and 5 brady-tachy syndrome. Sincope is more frequent in the patients with AV block than SSS. Episodic atrial fibrillation is more in SSS than AV block. Hypertension and cardiomegaly are more frequent in AV block than SSS. Before implantation heart failure had 21 (34%) patients with AV block and 4 (20%) patients with SSS. After implantation all patients with AV block and SSS have been compensed. During this 5 year study 12 patients with AV block and 2 with SSS died. Noncardiac death was found in 12 patients and cardiac death in 2 patients. Pacemaker implantations treat acute problems and improve the quality of life

The Content of Mg, K and Ca Ions in Vine Leaf under Foliar Application of Magnesium on Calcareous Soils

Chlorosis frequently occurs in vine production on calcareous soils, which is usually attributed to high calcium concentrations in soil. If symptoms appear on older leaves, it is taken that chlorosis is caused by a deficit of Mg2+ ions. A method of preventing chlorosis is foliar application of magnesium; however, uncontrolled application can lead to imbalance with potassium and calcium ions. The research objective was to find out whether foliar application of magnesium could solve the problem of chlorosis, and whether magnesium affects ion interactions with potassium and calcium. The fertilizing trial was set up in vineyards, on anthropogenized rigosols, with different contents of available lime in soil (< 20, 25 and 30 % CaO). Fertilizer was applied three times during the growing period, in a total amount of 2500 g Mg/ha. According to the results, foliar application of magnesium can solve the problem of chlorosis only on soils with a lower lime content (< 20 % CaO). Magnesium concentrations in dry leaf ranged from 0.25 % (beginning of growing period) to 0.64 % (post harvest), which is in agreement with literature data. On soils with a high lime content, negative correlation was determined between Mg and K ions in the leaf (r = -0.78). Although correlation between Mg and Ca in plant was positive (r = +0.61 to +0.90) during whole grape vine vegetative period, determined high ratios between Ca and Mg, especially during summer (12.4), indicated that Ca was dominant ion in plant disturbing K and Mg physiological roles