32 research outputs found

    Advanced backcross QTL analysis and comparative mapping with RIL QTL studies and GWAS provide an overview of QTL and marker haplotype diversity for resistance to Aphanomyces root rot in pea (Pisum sativum)

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    Aphanomyces euteiches is the most damaging soilborne pea pathogen in France. Breeding of pea resistant varieties combining a diversity of quantitative trait loci (QTL) is a promising strategy considering previous research achievements in dissecting polygenic resistance to A. euteiches. The objective of this study was to provide an overview of the diversity of QTL and marker haplotypes for resistance to A. euteiches, by integrating a novel QTL mapping study in advanced backcross (AB) populations with previous QTL analyses and genome-wide association study (GWAS) using common markers. QTL analysis was performed in two AB populations derived from the cross between the susceptible spring pea variety “Eden” and the two new sources of partial resistance “E11” and “LISA”. The two AB populations were genotyped using 993 and 478 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, respectively, and phenotyped for resistance to A. euteiches in controlled conditions and in infested fields at two locations. GWAS and QTL mapping previously reported in the pea-Aphanomyces collection and from four recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations, respectively, were updated using a total of 1,850 additional markers, including the markers used in the Eden x E11 and Eden x LISA populations analysis. A total of 29 resistance-associated SNPs and 171 resistance QTL were identified by GWAS and RIL or AB QTL analyses, respectively, which highlighted 10 consistent genetic regions confirming the previously reported QTL. No new consistent resistance QTL was detected from both Eden x E11 and Eden x LISA AB populations. However, a high diversity of resistance haplotypes was identified at 11 linkage disequilibrium (LD) blocks underlying consistent genetic regions, especially in 14 new sources of resistance from the pea-Aphanomyces collection. An accumulation of favorable haplotypes at these 11 blocks was confirmed in the most resistant pea lines of the collection. This study provides new SNP markers and rare haplotypes associated with the diversity of Aphanomyces root rot resistance QTL investigated, which will be useful for QTL pyramiding strategies to increase resistance levels in future pea varieties

    Green Edge ice camp campaigns : understanding the processes controlling the under-ice Arctic phytoplankton spring bloom

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    The Green Edge initiative was developed to investigate the processes controlling the primary productivity and fate of organic matter produced during the Arctic phytoplankton spring bloom (PSB) and to determine its role in the ecosystem. Two field campaigns were conducted in 2015 and 2016 at an ice camp located on landfast sea ice southeast of Qikiqtarjuaq Island in Baffin Bay (67.4797∘ N, 63.7895∘ W). During both expeditions, a large suite of physical, chemical and biological variables was measured beneath a consolidated sea-ice cover from the surface to the bottom (at 360 m depth) to better understand the factors driving the PSB. Key variables, such as conservative temperature, absolute salinity, radiance, irradiance, nutrient concentrations, chlorophyll a concentration, bacteria, phytoplankton and zooplankton abundance and taxonomy, and carbon stocks and fluxes were routinely measured at the ice camp. Meteorological and snow-relevant variables were also monitored. Here, we present the results of a joint effort to tidy and standardize the collected datasets, which will facilitate their reuse in other Arctic studies

    Détermination structurale des saponosides et flavonoïdes isolés de trois Lécythidaceae. Activité dermocosmétique des saponosides

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    Les @extraits enrichis en saponosides obtenus à partir des écorces de tronc de deux Lecythidaceae, Foetidia africana et Bertholletia excelsa ont montré une activité sur des fibroblastes dermiques humains en culture. Le premier stimule la synthÚse fibroblastique de GAG et le second celle de collagÚne de type I. Ces activités permettraient leur utilisation en dermocosmétique. Dans ce travail de thÚse, l'étude chimique des saponosides de ces deux extraits actifs a été réalisée. La composition chimique d'une troisiÚme espÚce de Lecythidaceae, Planchonia grandis, a été également étudiée. Les structures de trois prosapogénines, vingt-quatre saponosides et trois flavonoïdes, tous nouvellement décrits, ont été élucidées par les techniques de RMN multimpulsionnelle mono et bidimensionnelles et de spectrométrie de masse ESI-(MS)nREIMS-BU Santé (514542104) / SudocPARIS-BIUP (751062107) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Moandaensine, a dimeric indole alkaloid from Strychnos moandaensis (Loganiaceae)

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    Moandaensine contains a rare anhydronium base subunit. It presents a moderate antiplasmodial activity with IC values of 11.2 microM and 9.2 microM against , respectively, the chloroquino sensitive FCA 20 GHA and chloroquino resistant W2 strains of Plasmodium falciparu

    La ville et le plat pays

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    Les relations entre ville et campagne sont aujourd’hui envisagĂ©es, le plus souvent, comme une domination de l’une par l’autre. Était-ce le cas au Moyen Âge et Ă  l’Époque moderne alors que 80 % Ă  90 % de la population vivait Ă  la campagne et en tirait ses revenus ? Les images que la ville donne alors d’elle-mĂȘme et de son plat pays suggĂšrent une symbiose, des relations qui s’effectuent au profit de la ville, mais aussi de la campagne. Si l’on utilise les sources Ă©crites, peut-on conclure effectivement Ă  une association des villes et de leurs campagnes dans une rĂ©gion Ă©conomique intĂ©grĂ©e ? Quels flux (d’hommes, de produits, de capitaux, de dĂ©cisions) voit-on s’établir alors entre les deux ? Peut-on dĂ©finir les territoires de la ville, ceux oĂč elle exerce son influence, son attraction en matiĂšre Ă©conomique et en matiĂšre dĂ©mographique ? Ces aires se recoupent-elles ? La couronne nourriciĂšre est-elle la mĂȘme que la zone d’appel de population, que la zone d’investissement ? Se confondent-elles avec la juridiction ? A-t-on crĂ©ation d’un nouveau paysage rural et pĂ©riurbain liĂ© aux besoins des citadins ? Cet ouvrage, publication d’un colloque tenu Ă  l’UniversitĂ© de Perpignan Via Domitia, essaie de rĂ©pondre Ă  ces questions, Ă  partir d’une vingtaine d’études de cas concernant pour l’essentiel l’espace mĂ©diterranĂ©en
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