Think about language dialogically – Understand action dialogically

Asking for the possibility of a dialogical approach to spoken as well as to written language on the basis of the founding text by Jakubinskij Über die dialogische Rede (On Dialogical Speech), (1923)

Liability Insurance under the Negligence Rule

We analyze the efficiency properties of the negligence rule with liability insurance, when the tort-feasor's behavior is imperfectly observable both by the insurer and the court. Efficiency is shown to depend on the extent to which the evidence is informative, on the evidentiary standard for finding negligence, and on whether insurance contracts can condition directly on the same evidence as used by courts to assess behavior. When evidence is not directly contractible, the negligence rule with compensatory damages is generally inefficient and can be improved by decoupling liability from the harm suffered by the victim.Negligence, liability insurance, evidentiary standard, moral hazard, judicial error, decoupling, prudence

Incentives for Partial Acquisitions and Real Market Concentration

We analyze the incentives of a controlling shareholder of a firm to acquire, directly or indirectly through his firm, shares in a competitor. We charaterize the conditions under which these partial acquisitions as well as the equilibrium toehold and its nature: controlling or silent. We find that while this shareholder gains, the acquisition is detrimental to minority shareholders of his firm, or of the target, or even of both. We show that the incentives are enhanced if the dominant shareholder initially holds silent stakes in rivals while controlling interests may discourage them. Moreover, we find that partial acquisitions always lead to a decrease in the joint profit of the two firms involved, and an increase in competitor's profits as the market becomes less competitive.horizontal partial acquisitions ; real market concentration ; dominant shareholder ; minority shareholders ; silent interests.

Maßnahme zum Abbau des zunehmenden funktionalen Analphabetismus bei Jugendlichen ohne Qualifizierenden Hauptschulabschluß und Ausbildungsplatz in der Großkommune München

Beschreibung eines Modellprojekts und seiner praktischen Durchführung zur Förderung jugendlicher funktionaler Analphabeten mit dem Ziel, sie zu einem Schulabschluss zu bringen

Public Dialogical Selves: Excentric Beings in Language

Dialogical Self Theory brings together traditions about the self and about dialogue within an inspiring framework that highlights processes and insists on human beings' relatedness to Others. From this general dynamization of the self several challenging topics result, such as stability within dynamics, the self's uniqueness within polyphonic collectivities, and its plurality and recognizability within developmental movements. Recently, one can observe the formulation of a desideratum that could precisely resolve some of these challenges. Several scholars are looking for a kind of thirdness that reaches beyond the inter-subjects and introduces a mid-level located before the social. Interestingly, this is linked to issues of form, more easy to acknowledge e.g. on an institutional level. This discussion is important for it promises a dialogical articulation of polyphonic sociality with dialogic individuality, of stability and dynamics, of recognizability within change. I view this articulation realized through an aspect that gives the self performances the quality of the social by simultaneously keeping their subjective quality, thus differentiating the self's dialogicality: form – “wandering” language forms. I will address language as the third aspect, the formative medium of the dialogical selves per-formations, leading to a decidedly public notion of the DS, which includes Plessner's notion of “excentric positionality”

Loan Survival: Are Socially Disadvantaged Farmers More Likely to Default or Pay in Full?

This study aims at identifying racial and gender discrimination in the usage of credit for Socially Disadvantaged Farmers and Ranchers (SDFR) in the United States. Usage of credit is considered successful when a loan has been paid in full and a failure is considered when the borrower defaults. Identifying such a pathway would provide useful information to the Federal government United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Farm Service Agency (FSA) to evaluate the effectiveness and equity of loan programs. This study uses data from the USDA FSA farm loan programs that mainly target socially disadvantaged farmers and other underserved groups. The analysis has been realized through a subdistributional Competing Risks model of survival analysis. The null hypothesis considers that SDFR status has no impact on loan outcome and length of time to loan outcome, where loan outcome is paid-in full, default, or censored. The alternative hypothesis considers there is a difference in loan outcome regarding the SDFR status. The results obtained highlighted that Black and Hispanic farmers and ranchers had higher rates of delinquency and long-term delinquency and lower rates of payment in full than other groups. While these results are not a clear indicator of discrimination, they do not refute its absence

Loan Survival: Are Socially Disadvantaged Farmers More Likely to Default or Pay in Full?

This study aims at identifying racial and gender discrimination in the usage of credit for Socially Disadvantaged Farmers and Ranchers (SDFR) in the United States. Usage of credit is considered successful when a loan has been paid in full and a failure is considered when the borrower defaults. Identifying such a pathway would provide useful information to the Federal government United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Farm Service Agency (FSA) to evaluate the effectiveness and equity of loan programs. This study uses data from the USDA FSA farm loan programs that mainly target socially disadvantaged farmers and other underserved groups. The analysis has been realized through a subdistributional Competing Risks model of survival analysis. The null hypothesis considers that SDFR status has no impact on loan outcome and length of time to loan outcome, where loan outcome is paid-in full, default, or censored. The alternative hypothesis considers there is a difference in loan outcome regarding the SDFR status. The results obtained highlighted that Black and Hispanic farmers and ranchers had higher rates of delinquency and long-term delinquency and lower rates of payment in full than other groups. While these results are not a clear indicator of discrimination, they do not refute its absence