Artificial urinary sphincter for urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy: a historical cohort from 2004 to 2015

ABSTRACT This study aimed to retrospectively evaluate a cohort of patients with prostate cancer and persistent urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy. From January 2004 to December 2015, eighty-six individuals were identified to have received an AUS implant, provided by a private nonprofit HMO operating in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. On total, there were 91 AUS implants, with a median interval between radical prostatectomy and AUS implant of 3.6 years (IQR 1.9 to 5.5). The rate of AUS cumulative survival, after a median follow-up of 4.1 years (IQR 1.7-7.2 years), was 44% (n=40). The median survival of AUS implants was 2.9 years (IQR 0.5-7.9 years). Thirty-seven AUS implants (40.7%) resulted in grade III surgical complications. There were 5 deaths at 2.1, 4.7, 5.7, 5.7 and 6.5 years of follow-up, but none due to causes directly associated to the AUS implant. Persistent severe incontinence was documented in 14 (15.3%) additional patients. From the 51 AUS implants which resulted in grade III surgical complications or persistent severe incontinence, 24 (47.1%) underwent surgical revisions. Explantation of the sphincter or its components was observed in 6 cases (25.0%). Mechanical failure, described as fluid loss and/or inability to recycle the AUS device, was observed in 4 devices (16.7%). In conclusion, although AUS implants are recommended as the gold-standard treatment of severe urinary incontinence after prostatectomy, the observed high rates of malfunction and grade III adverse events are a matter of concern warranting further assessment on the safety and efficacy of these devices

Valvoplastia mitral em pacientes jovens com cardiopatia reumática Mitral valvuloplasty in young patients with rheumatic heart disease

No período, de setembro de 1988 a janeiro de 1992, 56 pacientes com até 20 anos de idade (4 a 20 anos, média de 12,7) com insuficiência mitral pura ou predominante de etiologia reumática foram submetidos a valvoplastia mitral. Noventa e quatro por cento dos pacientes estavam em classe funcional III ou IV da NYHA. A técnica cirúrgica básica usada em todos os pacientes foi a anuloplastia assimétrica preconizada por Reed et alii 31, associada em 69,7% dos casos a outros procedimentos sobre as cúspides e aparelho subvalvar mitral. Dois pacientes foram submetidos, concomitantemente, a plastia da valva tricúspide e 4 a troca da valva aórtica. Estudo ecodopplercardiográfico per-operatório foi utilizado após a correção em todos os casos e mostrou ausência de lesões residuais em 76% dos pacientes e insuficiência mitral discreta nos demais. Náo houve mortalidade hospitalar. Ecopplercardiograma realizado antes da alta hospitalar mostrou boa correlação com o estudo per-operatório. Foi possível colher informações do seguimento tardio de 53 pacientes. Ocorreu 1 óbito tardio três meses após a cirurgia, por morte súbita. Quatro pacientes foram reoperados e submetidos a troca valvar: uma paciente no 4º mês de pós-operatório (PO), por falha primária do procedimento, e outros três no 6º, 34º e 38º meses de PO, por comprovada recidiva da cardite reumática. Os demais encontram-se em classe funcional I e II (NYHA). Concluímos, baseados nos resultados apresentados, que a anuloplastia mitral assimétrica é um excelente procedimento para pacientes jovens com valvopatia reumática, constituindo-se numa boa alternativa à troca de valva ou implante de anéis, sendo, no entanto, extremamente importante o controle de recidivas da doença reumática.<br>From September 1988 to July 1990, 56 patients under 20 years of age (mean 12.7 ± 5.12 years) with pure or predominant mitral valve regurgitation secondary to rheumatic valve disease, underwent mitral valvuloplasty. Ninety-three percent of the patients were in functional class III ou IV (NYHA). The basic surgical technique used in all patients was a modified measured assy metric anuloplasty which was associated in 69.7% of the cases with another plastic procedure. Intraoperative echodopplercardiography was always used and showed a good correlation with the postoperatoty echo studies, with 64% of the patients free from residual lesions. There was no hospitalar mortality. Fifty-three (94.6%) patients were followed from 1 to 40 months (mean 16.3%). There was one sudden death 3 months after the operation. Four patients were reoperated upon, 3 of whom due to recurrent rheumatic carditis. The remainder are in functional class I or II (NYHA). We conclude based on these early results that assymetric mitral anuloplasty is an excellent procedure for young patients with rheumatic heart disease, being a good alternative to valve replacement or ring implantations