549 research outputs found
Effect of large weight reductions on measured and estimated kidney function
BACKGROUND: When patients experience large weight loss, muscle mass may be affected followed by changes in plasma creatinine (pCr). The MDRD and CKD-EPI equations for estimated GFR (eGFR) include pCr. We hypothesised that a large weight loss reduces muscle mass and pCr causing increase in eGFR (creatinine-based equations), whereas measured GFR (mGFR) and cystatin C-based eGFR would be unaffected if adjusted for body surface area. METHODS: Prospective, intervention study including 19 patients. All attended a baseline visit before gastric bypass surgery followed by a visit six months post-surgery. mGFR was assessed during four hours plasma (51)Cr-EDTA clearance. GFR was estimated by four equations (MDRD, CKD-EPI-pCr, CKD-EPI-cysC and CKD-EPI-pCr-cysC). DXA-scans were performed at baseline and six months post-surgery to measure changes in lean limb mass, as a surrogate for muscle mass. RESULTS: Patients were (meanâÂąâSD) 40.0âÂąâ9.3 years, 14 (74%) were female and 5 (26%) had type 2 diabetes, baseline weight was 128âÂąâ19 kg, body mass index 41âÂąâ6 kg/m2 and absolute mGFR 122âÂąâ24 ml/min. Six months post-surgery weight loss was 27 (95% CI: 23; 30) kg, mGFR decreased by 9 (â17; â2) from 122âÂąâ24 to 113âÂąâ21 ml/min (pâ=â0.024), but corrected for current body surface area (BSA) mGFR was unchanged by 2 (â5; 9) ml/min/1.73 m(2) (pâ=â0.52). CKD-EPI-pCr increased by 12 (6; 17) and MDRD by 13 (8; 18) (pâ<â0.001 for both), while CKD-EPI-cysC was unchanged by 2 (â8; 4) ml/min/1.73 m(2) (pâ=â0.51). Lean limb mass was reduced by 3.5 (â4.4;â2.6; pâ<â0.001) kg and change in lean limb mass correlated with change in plasma creatinine (R (2)â=â0.28, pâ=â0.032). CONCLUSIONS: Major weight reductions are associated with a reduction in absolute mGFR, which may reflect resolution of glomerular hyperfiltration, while mGFR adjusted for body surface area was unchanged. Estimates of GFR based on creatinine overestimate renal function likely due to changes in muscle mass, whereas cystatin C based estimates are unaffected. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02138565. Date of registration: March 24, 2014
Sustained Improvements in Glucose Metabolism Late After Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery in Patients with and Without Preoperative Diabetes
Chenodeoxycholic acid stimulates glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion in patients after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
Postprandial secretion of glucagonâlike peptideâ1 (GLPâ1) is enhanced after RouxâenâY gastric bypass (RYGB), but the precise molecular mechanisms explaining this remain poorly understood. Plasma concentrations of bile acids (BAs) increase after RYGB, and BAs may act as molecular enhancers of GLPâ1 secretion through activation of TGR5âreceptors. We aimed to evaluate GLPâ1 secretion after oral administration of the primary bile acid chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and the secondary bile acid ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) (which are available for oral use) in RYGBâoperated participants. Eleven participants (BMI 29.1 ¹ 1.2, age 37.0 ¹ 3.2 years, time from RYGB 32.3 ¹ 1.1 months, weight loss after RYGB 37.0 ¹ 3.1 kg) were studied in a placeboâcontrolled, crossoverâstudy. On three different days, participants ingested (1) placebo (water), (2) UDCA 750 mg, (3) CDCA 1250 mg (highest recommended doses). Oral intake of CDCA increased plasma concentrations of GLPâ1, Câpeptide, glucagon, peptide YY, neurotensin, total bile acids, and fibroblast growth factor 19 significantly compared with placebo (all P < 0.05 for peak and positive incremental areaâunderâtheâcurve (piAUC)). All plasma hormone concentrations were unaffected by UDCA. Neither UDCA nor CDCA changed glucose, cholecystokinin or glucoseâdependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) concentrations. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that the primary bile acid chenodeoxycholic acid is able to enhance secretion of gut hormones when administered orally in RYGBâoperated patientsâeven in the absence of nutrients
Centrality Dependence of the Charged-Particle Multiplicity Density at Midrapidity in Pb-Pb Collisions at root(NN)-N-S=5.02 TeV
K*(892)(0) and phi(1020)meson production at high transverse momentum in pp and Pb-Pb collisions at root sNN=2.76 TeV
Energy dependence of forward-rapidity J/psi and psi (2S) production in pp collisions at the LHC
Differential studies of inclusive J/psi and psi (2S) production at forward rapidity in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN)= 2.76 TeV
- âŚ