Figure 5

<p>Augmented CD4⁺ HIV-1 immune responses to Gag peptide pools in exposed uninfected neonatal cord blood upon the removal of CD4⁺CD25⁺ Treg cells. A) IL-2 production by undepleted whole cord blood and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNCs) derived CD4⁺ T-cells (open white symbols) and CD25-depleted MNCs derived CD4⁺ T-cells (closed black symbols) is depicted. B) Flow cytometry plots from an exposed uninfected neonate (Patient 63) representing HIV-1 Gag induced IL-2 production in undepleted whole CBMC derived CD4⁺ T-cells and CD25-depleted CBMC derived CD4⁺ T-cells.</p

Figure 1

<p>CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cell immune responses were measured by cytokine flow cytometry. A) Gating strategy for the identification of polyfunctional IFN-gamma/TNF-alpha CD8⁺ T cell responses. B) Shown are representative data for the unstimulated and HIV-gag-specific response from subject PB-INF-4 after an 18 h <i>in vitro</i> stimulation.</p

Figure 3

<p>Polyfunctional CD8⁺ T cell immune responses to the HIV-1 Gag peptide pool were detected by cytokine flow cytometry. Responses were measured in the cord blood of unexposed neonates (CB-UNEX; n = 4), HIV-1-exposed uninfected neonates (CB-EU; n = 6), and in the peripheral blood of HIV-1-exposed-uninfected infants (PB-EU 7 mo; n = 9) and young children (PB-EU 20 mo; n = 7), and in HIV-1-infected infants (PB-INF 7 mo; n = 5) and young children (PB-INF 25 mo; n = 5). Each group is represented by a different symbol.</p

Augmented CD8⁺ HIV-1 immune responses to Gag peptide pools in exposed uninfected neonatal cord blood upon the removal of CD4⁺CD25⁺ Treg cells. A) IFN-gamma production by undepleted whole cord blood and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNCs) derived CD8⁺ T-cells (open white symbols) and CD25-depleted MNCs derived CD8⁺ T-cells (closed black symbols) is depicted. B) Flow cytometry plots from an exposed uninfected neonate (Patient 30) representing HIV-1-Gag-induced IFN- gamma production in non-CD25-depleted CBMC derived CD8⁺ T-cells and CD25-depleted CBMC derived CD8⁺ T-cells.

<p>Augmented CD8⁺ HIV-1 immune responses to Gag peptide pools in exposed uninfected neonatal cord blood upon the removal of CD4⁺CD25⁺ Treg cells. A) IFN-gamma production by undepleted whole cord blood and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNCs) derived CD8⁺ T-cells (open white symbols) and CD25-depleted MNCs derived CD8⁺ T-cells (closed black symbols) is depicted. B) Flow cytometry plots from an exposed uninfected neonate (Patient 30) representing HIV-1-Gag-induced IFN- gamma production in non-CD25-depleted CBMC derived CD8⁺ T-cells and CD25-depleted CBMC derived CD8⁺ T-cells.</p

CD8⁺ IFN-gamma T-cell immune responses to HIV-1 Gag <i>(A)</i> and Nef <i>(B)</i> peptide pools as well as SEB <i>(C)</i> in the cord blood of unexposed neonates (CB-UNEX; n = 4), HIV-1-exposed uninfected neonates (CB-EU; n = 6), and in the peripheral blood of HIV-1-exposed-uninfected infants (PB-EU 7 mo; n = 9) and young children (PB-EU 20 mo; n = 7), and in HIV-1-infected infants (PB-INF 7 mo; n = 5) and young children (PB-INF 25 mo; n = 5). Each group is represented by a different symbol.

<p>CD8⁺ IFN-gamma T-cell immune responses to HIV-1 Gag <i>(A)</i> and Nef <i>(B)</i> peptide pools as well as SEB <i>(C)</i> in the cord blood of unexposed neonates (CB-UNEX; n = 4), HIV-1-exposed uninfected neonates (CB-EU; n = 6), and in the peripheral blood of HIV-1-exposed-uninfected infants (PB-EU 7 mo; n = 9) and young children (PB-EU 20 mo; n = 7), and in HIV-1-infected infants (PB-INF 7 mo; n = 5) and young children (PB-INF 25 mo; n = 5). Each group is represented by a different symbol.</p