Yield, nutrient utilization and soil properties in a melon crop amended with wine-distillery waste

In Spain, large quantities of wine are produced every year (3,339,700 tonnes in 2011) (FAO, 2011) with the consequent waste generation. During the winemaking process, solid residues like grape stalks are generated, as well as grape marc and wine lees as by-products. According to the Council Regulation (EC) 1493/1999 on the common organization of the wine market, by-products coming from the winery industry must be sent to alcohol-distilleries to generate exhausted grape marc and vinasses. With an adequate composting treatment, these wastes can be applied to soils as a source of nutrients and organic matter. A three-year field experiment (2011, 2012 and 2013) was carried out in Ciudad Real (central Spain) to study the effects of wine-distillery waste compost application in a melon crop (Cucumis melo L.). Melon crop has been traditionally cultivated in this area with high inputs of water and fertilizers, but no antecedents of application of winery wastes are known. In a randomized complete block design, four treatments were compared: three compost doses consisted of 6.7 (D1), 13.3 (D2) and 20 t compost ha-1 (D3), and a control treatment without compost addition (D0). The soil was a shallow sandy-loam (Petrocalcic Palexeralfs) with a depth of 0.60 m and a discontinuous petrocalcic horizon between 0.60 and 0.70 m, slightly basic (pH 8.4), poor in organic matter (0.24%), rich in potassium (410 ppm) and with a medium level of phosphorus (22.1 ppm). During each growing period four harvests were carried out and total and marketable yield (fruits weighting <1 kg or visually rotten were not considered), fruit average weight and fruit number per plant were determined. At the end of the crop cycle, four plants per treatment were sampled and the nutrient content (N, P and K) was determined. Soil samplings (0-30 cm depth) were carried before the application of compost and at the end of each growing season and available N and P, as well as exchangeable K content were analyzed. With this information, an integrated analysis was carried out with the aim to evaluate the suitability of this compost as organic amendment

Utilización del compost de orujo de uva en el cultivo del melón en Castilla-La Mancha

En el año 2010 se comenzó en el Centro Agrario El Chaparrillo un proyecto de investigación en colaboración con la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid y la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, teniendo como objetivo principal evaluar el comportamiento como enmienda orgánica y fertilizante del compost de orujo, obtenido de las viñas castellano-manchegas de la zona de Socuéllamos, en un cultivo de melón. En este artículo de muestran los resultados

Water and nitrogen footprint in an irrigated crop under mineral and organic fertilization

In order to establish rational nitrogen (N) application and reduce groundwater contamination, a clearer understanding of the N distribution through the growing season and its balance is crucial. Excessive doses of N and/or water applied to fertigated crops involve a substantial risk of aquifer contamination by nitrate; but knowledge of N cycling and availability within the soil could assist in avoiding this excess. In central Spain, the main horticultural fertigated crop is the melon type ?piel de sapo¿ and it is cultivated in vulnerable zones to nitrate pollution (Directive 91/676/CEE). However, until few years ago there were not antecedents related to the optimization of nitrogen fertilization together with irrigation. Water and N footprint are indicators that allow assessing the impact generated by different agricultural practices, so they can be used to improve the management strategies in fertigated crop systems. The water footprint distinguishes between blue water (sources of water applied to the crop, like irrigation and precipitation), green water (water used by the crop and stored in the soil), and it is furthermore possible to quantify the impact of pollution by calculating the grey water, which is defined as the volume of polluted water created from the growing and production of crops. On the other hand, the N footprint considers green N (nitrogen consumed by the crops and stored in the soil), blue N (N available for crop, like N applied with mineral and/or organic fertilizers, N applied with irrigation water and N mineralized during the crop period), whereas grey N is the amount of N-NO3- washed from the soil to the aquifer. All these components are expressed as the ratio between the components of water or N footprint and the yield (m3 t-1 or kg N t-1 respectively). The objetives of this work were to evaluate the impact derivated from the use of different fertilizer practices in a melon crop using water and N footprint

Efficiency and environmental indexes to evaluate the sustainability of mineral and organic fertilization in an irrigated melon crop

Melon is traditionally cultivated in fertigated farmlands in the center of Spain with high inputs of water and N fertilizer. Excess N can have a negative impact, from the economic point of view, since it can diminish the production and quality of the fruit, from the environmental point of view, since it is a very mobile element in the soil and can contaminate groundwater. From health point of view, nitrate can be accumulated in fruit pulp, and, in addition, groundwater is the fundamental supply source of human populations. Best management practices are particularly necessary in this region as many zones have been declared vulnerable to NO3- pollution (Directive 91/676/CEE) During successive years, a melon crop (Cucumis melo L.) was grown under field conditions applying mineral and organic fertilizers under drip irrigation. Different doses of ammonium nitrate were used as well as compost derived from the wine-distillery industry which is relevant in this area. The present study reviews the most common N efficiency indexes under the different management options with a view to maximizing yield and minimizing N loss

Propuesta para diseñar procedimiento de selección de personal en la empresa Sumipinturas del Valle, ubicada en el municipio de Palmira, para desarrollar en el primer semestre del año 2022

Toda empresa se preocupa por el cumplimiento de sus objetivos estratégicos y más aún si en estos se encuentra la responsabilidad y compromiso adquirido de aportar a la transformación económica y social, no solo de sus trabajadores sino también a la ciudad o municipio donde se encuentra ubicada la empresa. Este proyecto de investigación tiene como objeto presentar y elaborar un plan y procedimiento para la mejora en el proceso de contratación y selección de personal para la empresa Sumipinturas del Valle. Se encontró debilidades y falencias en el actual proceso de contratación y selección de personal, ya que la organización no cuenta con un procedimiento determinado, y esto se ha presentado debido al crecimiento, desarrollo y expansión que ha tenido la empresa en los últimos años, lo que a su vez también ha traído nuevos desafíos y retos organizacionales, generando que se tenga que contratar y seleccionar más personal para el desarrollo de los procesos y que estos funcionen adecuadamente. Sin embargo con el afán de cumplir con el proceso de contratación, la empresa ha dejado de lado el correcto y adecuado paso a paso para la contratación y selección de personal, lo que ha empezado a afectarla no solo en la parte económica sino también en la disminución y perdida de los procesos de productividad, ya que el personal seleccionado y contratado no cumplen con el perfil idóneo para el desarrollo del puesto de trabajo y la empresa tampoco tiene un manual descriptivo de funciones definido que contenga descrito y especificado los perfiles por cargo, para apoyar el correcto proceso de selección. En este proyecto de investigación se generará una propuesta de mejora para la elaboración y documentación del procedimiento para la selección y contratación de personal, y se espera que sea de gran ayuda a las estrategias contempladas. Todo dependerá de las posibilidades a las que se enfrentará la empresa en el contexto en el que se encuentra actualmente, pues hay que fortalecer el proceso de talento humano, la selección, la vinculación y la estabilidad de los empleados, pero basándose en las prioridades que se requieren de manera global, las necesidades y expectativas no solo de la empresa sino también de sus trabajadoresEvery company is concerned about the fulfillment of its strategic objectives and even more so if these include the responsibility and commitment acquired to contribute to the economic and social transformation not only of its workers but also of the city or municipality where the company is located. This research project aims to present and develop a plan and procedure for the improvement in the process of selection and hiring of personnel for the company Sumipinturas del Valle. Weaknesses and shortcomings were found in the current selection and hiring process, since the company does not have a specific procedure, and this has occurred due to the development and growth that the company has had in recent years, which in turn, it has also brought new challenges and organizational challenges, generating the need to hire and select more personnel for the execution and development of the processes and for them to function properly. However, in an effort to comply with the hiring process, the company has left aside the correct and adequate step by step for the selection and hiring of personnel, which has begun to affect it not only in the economic part but also in the decrease and loss of productivity processes, since the hired personnel do not meet the ideal profile for the development of the position and the company does not have a defined functions manual that contains described and specified the profiles by position to support the correct selection process. In this research project, an improvement proposal will be generated for the elaboration and documentation of the procedure for the selection and hiring of personnel, and it is expected that it will be of great help to the strategies contemplated. Everything will depend on the possibilities that the company will face in the context in which it currently finds itself, since it is necessary to strengthen the processes of human talent, the selection, the linking and the stability of the employees, but based on the priorities that the needs and expectations are required globally, not only of the company but also of its worker

Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation Improves Respiratory Muscle Function and Functional Capacity in Children with Congenital Heart Disease : A Prospective Cohort Study

Critical surgical and medical advances have shifted the focus of congenital heart disease (CHD) patients from survival to achievement of a greater health-related quality of life (HRQoL). HRQoL is influenced, amongst other factors, by aerobic capacity and respiratory muscle strength, both of which are reduced in CHD patients. This study evaluates the influence of a cardiopulmonary rehabilitation program (CPRP) on respiratory muscle strength and functional capacity. Fifteen CHD patients, ages 12 to 16, with reduced aerobic capacity in cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) were enrolled in a CPRP involving strength and aerobic training for three months. Measurements for comparison were obtained at the start, end, and six months after the CPRP. A significant improvement of inspiratory muscle strength was evidenced (maximum inspiratory pressure 21 cm H2O, 23%, p < 0.01). The six-minute walking test showed a statistically and clinically significant rise in walked distance (48 m, p < 0.01) and a reduction in muscle fatigue (1.7 out of 10 points, p = 0.017). These results suggest CPRP could potentially improve respiratory muscle function and functional capacity, with lasting results, in children with congenital heart disease, but additional clinical trials must be conducted to confirm this finding

Benefits of Coffee and Therapy for Chronic Pain in Patients Diagnosed with Cancer

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar mediante una revisión integradora de literatura los beneficios del café y su empleabilidad como terapia para el dolor crónico en pacientes con diagnóstico de cáncer. Materiales y método: Se utilizaron las bases de datos: PubMed, ELSERVIER, Scite, Cochrane Library, Bvs LIbrary, para la adquisición de los artículos y fueron consultadas durante el periodo de marzo de 2021 a mayo de 2022 encontrando 2336 artículos&nbsp; de los cuales se escogieron 24 que&nbsp; cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión, a estos artículos se les aplicó la herramienta de evaluación crítica de artículos CASPE según el tipo de articulo, Resultados : &nbsp;Primero se hizo una caracterización de los estudios encontrando que según el enfoque la mayoría fueron cuantitativos 79% y cualitativos 29%, se categorizaron según nivel de evidencia y grados de recomendación , &nbsp;según el país de origen un 32%&nbsp; fueron realizados en EE. UU , se analizaron las profesiones de los investigadores siendo el grupo más grande con un 17%&nbsp; por médicos , los hallazgos se agruparon en 5 categorías según los objetivos específicos del estudio : Describir las sustancias protectoras que tienen el café para prevención de cáncer, Identificar el mecanismo de acción de las propiedades del café para el alivio del dolor crónico, Describir los beneficios del café en pacientes con diagnóstico de cáncer , Relacionar la dosis de café requerida para generar un efecto protector para cáncer e inhibitorio del dolor&nbsp; y Proponer un plan de terapias alternativas con el uso del café para el manejo del dolor en pacientes con cáncer&nbsp;&nbsp; . Conclusiones: Los beneficios del café van a depender del tipo de fruto, preparación, procesamiento y adición de azúcar u otras sustancias procesadas, contiene múltiples sustancias beneficiosas para la salud&nbsp; y sus &nbsp;mayores beneficios se obtienen al consumir la bebida sin azúcar o ninguna otra sustancia añadida, los componentes del café tales como el Cafestol y Kaweol &nbsp;son las moléculas&nbsp; a las cuales se les atribuye principalmente &nbsp;propiedades protectoras antineoplásicas y de aumento de sobrevida en enfermedad metastásica , el contenido de cafeína del café puede ayudar a mejorar el umbral del dolor y tolerancia del calor siempre y cuando las tazas bebidas de éste contenga la dosis de cafeína entre 100-200 mg.The objective of this study was to determine, through an integrative review of the literature, the benefits of coffee and its applicability as a therapy for chronic pain in patients diagnosed with cancer. Materials and method: The following databases were used: PubMed, ELSERVIER, Scite, Cochrane Library, Bvs LIbrary, for the acquisition of the articles and were consulted during the period from March 2021 to May 2022 finding 2336 articles of which 24 were chosen that met the inclusion criteria, to these articles the critical evaluation tool of articles CASPE was applied according to the type of article, Results : First a characterization of the studies was made finding that according to the approach the majority were quantitative 79% and qualitative 29% were categorized according to the level of evidence and degrees of recommendation, according to the country of origin, 32% were carried out in the USA. The findings were grouped into 5 categories according to the specific objectives of the study: To describe the protective substances that coffee has for cancer prevention, To identify the mechanism of action of the properties of coffee for the relief of chronic pain, To describe the benefits of coffee in patients diagnosed with cancer, To relate the dose of coffee required to generate a protective effect for cancer and inhibitory pain, and To propose a plan of alternative therapies with the use of coffee for pain management in cancer patients. Conclusions: The benefits of coffee are going to depend on the type of fruit, preparation, processing and addition of sugar or other processed substances, it contains multiple beneficial substances for health and its greatest benefits are obtained when consuming the beverage without sugar or any other added substance, Coffee components such as Cafestol and Kaweol are the molecules to which are mainly attributed antineoplastic protective properties and increased survival in metastatic disease. The caffeine content of coffee can help to improve the pain threshold and heat tolerance as long as the cups drunk contain a dose of caffeine between 100-200 mg

La imagen y la narrativa como herramientas para el abordaje psicosocial en escenarios de violencia. Municipios de Turbo, Bello, Medellín y Támesis.

En Colombia el conflicto armado ha generado impactos psicosociales, traumas, marcas físicas, sociales, emocionales, ha dejado hasta víctimas mortales y una grave problemática de desplazamiento lo que, a su vez ha causado desarraigo, pérdida de tierras, pobreza y vulneración de los derechos. Se trabajan con dos casos, se contempla el relato de Ana Ligia Higinio López, desde la lógica narrativa de esta situación, se desarrolló un análisis considerando las repercusiones psicosociales, la postura de las personas que pasaron por eventos traumáticos, las imágenes dominantes de violencias y la postura de resiliencia a partir de esfuerzos colectivos y personales que buscan establecer escenarios de reflexión que ayuden a contribuir sistemas de cambio movilizados en el rompimiento de ciclos de injusticia y violencias. Teniendo en cuenta que, la falta de respeto de distinción entre civiles y combatientes es un factor agravante que afecta la vida, y el bienestar de muchos individuos y colectivos. Igualmente, pocas oportunidades, las carencias, abandono, conlleva a las comunidades campesinas a que cambien la agricultura y forma de ganarse la vida, por cultivos ilegales como lo es la coca, lo que genera para muchos una cuestión de rentabilidad y economía, pero acarrea consecuencias negativas incluso la violación de derechos, lo que está muy ligado al segundo caso de Peñas Coloradas. Referente a las problemáticas de dicho caso se plantea también un análisis, pero desde los emergentes psicosociales del hostigamiento militar y los impactos de estigmatización, proponiendo acciones de apoyo y estrategias psicosociales. Todo con sustentación teórica. Por último, desde el sustento metodológico que moviliza la imagen desde la narrativa se involucra subjetivamente la realidad que se presenta en algunos contextos afectados por diversas problemáticas, donde se aplica la técnica de investigación de foto voz como recurso pedagógico social con posibilidad de acción psicosocial. Con base a ello se presentará un informe analítico integrando los valores subjetivos y simbólicos, los impactos de trasformación psicosocial, los procesos de construcción de memoria histórica, entre otros.In Colombia, the armed conflict has generated psychosocial impacts, traumas, physical, social, emotional marks, has even left fatalities and a serious problem of displacement, which, in turn, has caused uprooting, loss of land, poverty and violation of human rights. We work with two cases, the story of Ana Ligia Higinio López is contemplated, from the narrative logic of this situation, an analysis was developed considering the psychosocial repercussions, the position of the people who went through traumatic events, the dominant images of violence and the posture of resilience based on collective and personal efforts that seek to establish reflection scenarios that help to contribute to systems of change mobilized in breaking cycles of injustice and violence. Bearing in mind that the lack of respect for the distinction between civilians and combatants is an aggravating factor that affects the life and well-being of many individuals and groups. Similarly, few opportunities, shortages, abandonment, leads the peasant communities to change their agriculture and way of earning a living, for illegal crops such as coca, which generates for many a question of profitability and economy, but leads to negative consequences including the violation of rights, which is closely linked to the second case of Peñas Coloradas. Regarding the problems of this case, an analysis is also proposed, but from the emerging psychosocial aspects of military harassment and the impacts of stigmatization, proposing support actions and psychosocial strategies. All with theoretical support. Finally, from the methodological support that mobilizes the image from the narrative, the reality that is presented in some contexts affected by various problems is subjectively involved, where the photo voice research technique is applied as a social pedagogical resource with the possibility of psychosocial action. Based on this, an analytical report will be presented integrating the subjective and symbolic values, the impacts of psychosocial transformation, the processes of construction of historical memory, among others

Drying and Rainfall Shape the Structure and Functioning of Nitrifying Microbial Communities in Riverbed Sediments

Non-flow periods in fluvial ecosystems are a global phenomenon. Streambed drying and rewetting by sporadic rainfalls could drive considerable changes in the microbial communities that govern stream nitrogen (N) availability at different temporal and spatial scales. We performed a microcosm-based experiment to investigate how dry period duration (DPD) (0, 3, 6, and 9 weeks) and magnitude of sporadic rewetting by rainfall (0, 4, and 21 mm applied at end of dry period) affected stocks of N in riverbed sediments, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA) and rates of ammonia oxidation (AO), and emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) to the atmosphere. While ammonium (NH4+) pool size decreased, nitrate (NO3−) pool size increased in sediments with progressive drying. Concomitantly, the relative and absolute abundance of AOB and, especially, AOA (assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and quantitative PCR of ammonia monooxygenase genes) increased, despite an apparent decrease of AO rates with drying. An increase of N2O emissions occurred at early drying before substantially dropping until the end of the experiment. Strong rainfall of 21 mm increased AO rates and NH4+ in sediments, whereas modest rainfall of 4 mm triggered a notable increase of N2O fluxes. Interestingly, such responses were detected only after 6 and 9 weeks of drying. Our results demonstrate that progressive drying drives considerable changes in in-stream N cycling and the associated nitrifying microbial communities, and that sporadic rainfall can modulate these effects. Our findings are particularly relevant for N processing and transport in rivers with alternating dry and wet phases – a hydrological scenario expected to become more important in the future

Application of water footprint in a fertirrigated melon crop under semiarid conditions: A review

Production, while at the same time there has increased evidence that aquifers are reducing their water level, enriched by nutrient and degraded as a result of pollution. So best management practices are needed for much of cropped, irrigated and fertirrigated land, to avoid contamination of fresh water and groundwater. The concept of ?water footprint? (WF) was introduced as an indicator for the total volume of direct and indirect freshwater used, consumed and/or polluted [1]. The WF distinguishes between blue water (volume of surface and groundwater consumed), green water (rain-water consumed), and grey water (volume of freshwater that is required to assimilate the load of pollutants based on existing ambient water quality standards). This study is focused in calculating the crops WF using a real case of study in a fertirrigated melon crop under semiarid conditions which is principally cultivated in the centre of Spain declared vulnerable zone to nitrate pollution by applying the Directive 91/676/CEE. During successive years, a melon crop (Cucumis melo L.) was grown under field conditions applying mineral and organic fertilizers. Different doses of ammonium nitrate were used as well as compost derived from the wine-distillery industry which is relevant in this area. This application help us to review the different concepts in which is based WF