Le iscrizioni anagrafiche per gli stranieri richiedenti protezione internazionale dopo il d.l.n.113 del 2018, il cd. Decreto Salvini. Quando il legislatore demagogicamente orientato disorienta l’amministrazione pubblica.

Le disposizioni introdotte dal c.d. decreto Salvini in materia di iscrizioni anagrafiche degli stranieri richiedenti protezione internazionale, hanno l’intento di introdurre un divieto a procedere a iscrizioni, mutazioni e cancellazioni anagrafiche su dichiarazioni rese da persone straniere munite di permesso di soggiorno per richiedente asilo. Tuttavia, la loro lettura nel quadro sistematico di riferimento, rispettosa dell’orientamento costituzionale e della normativa eurounitaria, non consegna un risultato scontato, anzi, esclude che vi sia un espresso divieto alla registrazione anagrafica dello straniero richiedente asilo

DALLA TUTELA DELL’INTERESSE DELLA COMUNITÀ LOCALE ALLA TUTELA DEI DIRITTI. IL SINDACATO DEL GIUDICE AMMINISTRATIVO SUGLI ATTI DI PREVENZIONE DEL GIOCO D’AZZARDO

Il ruolo dei Comuni nella prevenzione e nel contrasto al gioco d'azzardo patologico. Dal sindacato disomogeneo e ad intensità variabile della giurisdizione amministrativa alla complessità del flusso delle relazioni tra istituzioni e comunità nel modello multilivello su base territoriale. La prevenzione del gioco d’azzardo patologico si sostanzia in provvedimenti che comprimono un diritto a vantaggio di un interesse pubblico che tutela posizioni individuali determinabili. In a legal context which does not prosecute gambling because of the benefits that these activities bring to government revenues, many municipalities in their areas of competence have adopted gambling prevention regimes to ensure and preserve the personality, dignity, health of the individual citizen and, at the same time, the harmony and welfare of their community. Against these acts, the sector operators have brought to court a judicial dispute from which has involved the decision of the Italian Constitutional Court. The judicial interpretation given in this case-law has set the boundaries within which municipal measures are legitimate to limit the freedom of economic initiative in the gaming and betting sector. It was thus highlighted the close link between the measures adopted at the municipal level to combat and prevent ludopathy and the protection of those people who are particularly exposed to gambling addiction and related disorders. By virtue of this link, which gives a strong social merit to municipal measures, the administrative court seems to be better prepared in its union with the public administration because the exercise of public power ensures the protection of a weak person, namely the person exposed to the risk of becoming a pathological gambler

Ruoli e competenze dei diversi livelli istituzionali nella gestione della pandemia Covid-19 in Italia tra distonie sistemiche e carenze strutturali

La pandemia da Covid 19 ha inciso su diversi piani funzionali della pubblica amministrazione con evidenti problemi di collaborazione, coordinamento, raccordo e compatibilità di ruoli e competenze. Problemi che si sono trasposti sul piano delle relazioni tra atti provvedimentali a contenuto generale adottati dai distinti livelli istituzionali e che, in alcune occasioni, hanno richiesto una soluzione giudiziaria. Queste criticità hanno evidenziato delle fratture sistemiche nell'esercizio dei pubblici poteri in regime di emergenza le cui origini sono di natura diversa. Una prima frattura trae origine dalla diversa intensità della legittimazione politica degli organi di governo ai distinti livelli territoriali. Una seconda frattura riguarda il sistema delle fonti e la base costituzionale sulla quale legittimare la costruzione della “catena normativa dell’emergenza”. Una terza frattura mette in crisi la relazione tra funzioni legislative e funzioni amministrative ed è frutto dei limiti esistenti nella legislazione in materia di coordinamento informativo statistico e informatico dei dati dell’amministrazione statale, regionale e locale. Questo scritto propone attraverso alcuni arresti giurisprudenziali una lettura delle dinamiche che hanno messo in evidenza queste fratture

The IMiDs targets IKZF-1/3 and IRF4 as novel negative regulators of NK cell-activating ligands expression in multiple myeloma

Immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) have potent anti-tumor activities in multiple myeloma (MM) and are able to enhance the cytotoxic function of natural killer (NK) cells, important effectors of the immune response against MM. Here, we show that these drugs can enhance the expression of the NKG2D and DNAM-1 activating receptor ligands MICA and PVR/CD155 in human MM cell lines and primary malignant plasma cells. Depletion of cereblon (CRBN) by shRNA interference strongly impaired upregulation of these ligands and, more interestingly, IMiDs/CRBN-mediated downregulation of the transcription factors Ikaros (IKZF1), Aiolos (IKZF3) and IRF4 was critical for these regulatory mechanisms. Indeed, shRNA knockdown of IKZF1 or IKZF3 expression was both necessary and sufficient for the upregulation of MICA and PVR/CD155 expression, suggesting that these transcription factors can repress these genes; accordingly, the direct interaction and the negative role of IKZF1 and IKZF3 proteins on MICA and PVR/CD155 promoters were demonstrated. Finally, MICA expression was enhanced in IRF4-silenced cells, indicating a specific suppressive role of this transcription factor on MICA gene expression in MM cells. Taken together, these findings describe novel molecular pathways involved in the regulation of MICA and PVR/CD155 gene expression and identify the transcription factors IKZF-1/IKZF-3 and IRF4 as repressors of these genes in MM cells

La Conferenza sul futuro dell’Europa tra democrazia rappresentativa, partecipativa e di prossimità

La Conferenza sul futuro dell’Europa conferma che le declinazioni sovranazionali del principio democratico non si esauriscono nei canali della rappresentanza, ma trovano nella partecipazione dei cittadini un’ulteriore fonte di legittimazione del processo di integrazione. Dopo aver analizzato l’architettura istituzionale della Conferenza, mettendo in luce la democrazia nella Conferenza, il contributo esamina la democrazia proposta dalla Conferenza, passando in rassegna le principali raccomandazioni emerse dalla Plenaria in merito alle questioni istituzionali, alle procedure decisionali, e al coinvolgimento delle autonomie territoriali. Infine, il contributo si sofferma sui potenziali esiti della Conferenza, evidenziando quanto e le sue future prospettive siano imbrigliate da un conflitto interistituzionale tra i fautori di una modifica dei trattati e i sostenitori di un approccio pragmatico che implementi le proposte della Conferenza “a trattati vigenti”

Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in normotensive postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background: The prevalence of heart failure among diabetic patients is high, also in those with normal blood pressure and without coronary artery disease, even when electrocardiogram (ECG) is normal. The goal of our study was to assess the prevalence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) among diabetic women (DW) and its correlation with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, obesity status, and ECG parameters. Methods: A group of 456 consecutive normotensive postmenopausal women affected by type 2 diabetes, diagnosed over 5 years, were enrolled. One hundred normotensive non-diabetic postmenopausal women were included as a control group (CG). Rest ECG and trans-thoracic echocardiogram and Doppler were performed. Results: LVDD was present in 103 (23.3%) out of 456 DW, and 8 out of 100 women in CG (8%), p < 0.001. There was no difference in mean age between the two groups: 56 ± 13 and 55 ± 3, respectively (p = 0.3). There were 191 (41.9%) DW with body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg/m2. Among those, there were 56 (12.3%) with significant prevalence of LVDD, while there were 49 (10.7%) with BMI < 30 kg/m2, p < 0.005. DW with HbA1c > 7.5% comprised a group of 243 (53.3%) patients. Among those, there were 45 (9.9%) with higher prevalence of LVDD, and 15 (3.3%) with HbA1c < 7.5%, p < 0.01. Out of a group of 147 (32.2%) DW with abnormal ECG , 21 had LVDD (4.6%), p = 0,1, and 84 (18.8%) had LVDD with normal ECG. Conclusions: Our data prove a high prevalence of LVDD in asymptomatic diabetic postmenopausal women. This finding is closely related with HbA1c levels and obesity status, not with abnormal ECG, which is a unique cardiologic test recommended by current guidelines in all diabetic patients. We conclude that early detection of high level of HbA1c and obesity (30 kg/m2) may identify women with major risk to develop LVDD. Furthermore, a simple ECG, when normal, is not enough to assess a normal LV diastolic function.

Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in normotensive postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background The prevalence of heart failure among diabetic patients is high, also in those with normal blood pressure and without coronary artery disease, even when electrocardiogram (ECG) is normal. The goal of our study was to assess the prevalence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) among diabetic women (DW) and its correlation with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, obesity status, and ECG parameters. Methods : A group of 456 consecutive normotensive postmenopausal women affected by type 2 diabetes, diagnosed over 5 years, were enrolled. One hundred normotensive non-diabetic postmenopausal women were included as a control group (CG). Rest ECG and trans-thoracic echocardiogram and Doppler were performed. Results : LVDD was present in 103 (23.3%) out of 456 DW, and 8 out of 100 women in CG (8%), p < 0.001. There was no difference in mean age between the two groups: 56 ± 13 and 55 ± 3, respectively (p = 0.3). There were 191 (41.9 %) DW with body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg/m2. Among those, there were 56 (12.3%) with significant prevalence of LVDD, while there were 49 (10.7%) with BMI < 30 kg/m2, p < 0.005. DW with HbA1c > 7.5% comprised a group of 243 (53.3%) patients. Among those, there were 45 (9.9%) with higher prevalence of LVDD, and 15 (3.3%) with HbA1c < 7.5%), p < 0.01. Out of a group of 147 (32.2%) DW with abnormal ECG , 21 had LVDD (4.6%), p = 0,1, and 84 (18.8%) had LVDD with normal ECG. Conclusions: Our data prove a high prevalence of LVDD in asymptomatic diabetic postmenopausal women. This finding is closely related with HbA1c levels and obesity status, not with abnormal ECG, which is a unique cardiologic test recommended by current guidelines in all diabetic patients. We conclude that early detection of high level of HbA1c and obesity (30 kg/m2) may identify women with major risk to develop LVDD. Furthermore, a simple ECG, when normal, is not enough to assess a normal LV diastolic function

Genotoxic stress modulates the release of exosomes from multiple myeloma cells capable of activating NK cell cytokine production: role of HSP70/TLR2/NF-kB axis

Exosomes are a class of nanovesicles formed and released through the late endosomal compartment and represent an important mode of intercellular communication. The ability of anticancer chemotherapy to enhance the immunogenic potential of malignant cells mainly relies on the establishment of the immunogenic cell death (ICD) and the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Here, we investigated whether genotoxic stress could promote the release of exosomes from multiple myeloma (MM) cells and studied the immunomodulatory properties they exert on NK cells, a major component of the antitumor immune response playing a key role in the immunosurveillance of MM. Our findings show that melphalan, a genotoxic agent used in MM therapy, significantly induces an increased exosome release from MM cells. MM cell-derived exosomes are capable of stimulating IFNg production, but not the cytotoxic activity of NK cells through a mechanism based on the activation of NF-kB pathway in a TLR2/ HSP70-dependent manner. Interestingly, HSP70 positive exosomes are primarily found in the bone marrow (BM) of MM patients suggesting that they might have a crucial immunomodulatory action in the tumor microenvironment. We also provide evidence that the CD56high NK cell subset is more responsive to exosome-induced IFNg production mediated by TLR2 engagement. All together, these findings suggest a novel mechanism of synergism between chemotherapy and antitumor innate immune responses based on the drug-promotion of nanovesicles exposing DAMPs for innate receptors