The Hyperbolic Forest Owner

This paper examines the implications of quasi-hyperbolic inter-temporal preferences to the Faustman model. The use of decreasing discount rates leads to dynamically inconsistent behavior. To solve this problem a two-stages optimization decision model is developed. The resulting actual cutting time will be anticipated compared to the Faustman optimal cutting time. If, alternatively, the equivalent constant rate of discount is the empirically observed discount rate, then the optimal cutting time is the same, but the present value of profits for the hyperbolic forest owner is always higher than the one resulting from the equivalent constant discount rate. All these results apply to both the single and the multiple rotation problems.Hyperbolic discounting; time preference; dynamic inconsistency; Faustman model; optimal rotation

Combining CV and RP data: a note on the relationship between consistency and rationality

In this paper, we show that, when combining revealed (RP) and stated (SP) data, for marginal changes in quality of environmental goods, rationality implies consistency, as the consistency conditions coincide with a subset of the conditions for rationality.combined (RP and SP) individual data; rationality; data consistency

Combining Averting Behavior and Contingent Valuation Data: An Application to Drinking Water Treatment

This paper is an empirical application that combines averting behavior with contingent valuation data. Consistency tests are performed incorporating alternative heteroscedastic structures in the bivariate probit models by taking advantage of the different information content that characterizes each data source. We look at three covariates not yet examined in the literature when combining stated and revealed preferred data to explain the variance in the models: income, the bid in the contingent valuation questionnaire, and the distance between the bid and the averting expenditures with drinking water. The models estimated include between and within data sources heteroscedasticity. The results obtained allow the combination of the two data sources under a common preference structure.averting behavior, combination of data sets, consistency tests, contingent valuation, revealed preferred data

Analgesic interpatient variability of remifentanil assessed through pupillary dilation reflex

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pupillary pain index correlates with postoperative pain scores in neurosurgical patients

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Análise do impacto do relevo na ocupação do solo urbano em zonas de montanha – Aplicação à cidade da Guarda, Portugal

O relevo é um dos fatores que influenciam o crescimento urbano e a sua morfologia. Este elemento natural, dependendo da sua intensidade, pode condicionar o desenvolvimento urbano sustentável. A existência de barreiras topográficas obriga à fragmentação do tecido urbano e consequente dispersão. Apresenta-se ao longo deste artigo a metodologia desenvolvida com o objetivo de analisar a integração das classes de uso e ocupação do solo urbano na topografia urbana. A análise espacial desenvolveu-se com recurso a Sistemas de Informação Geográfica. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir acerca da integração dos vários tipos de uso e ocupação do solo urbano no declive local; avaliar a existência de barreiras topográficas naturais no interior de espaços urbanos construídos, constituindo elementos fraturantes do crescimento urbano; analisar a inclusão de usos e ocupações de solo artificializado em zonas de risco. Esta análise constitui uma ferramenta de apoio ao planeamento urbano, na identificação de zonas de risco

The Hyperbolic Forest Owner

This paper examines the implications of quasi-hyperbolic inter-temporal preferences to the Faustman model. The use of decreasing discount rates leads to dynamically inconsistent behavior. To solve this problem a two-stages optimization decision model is developed. The resulting actual cutting time will be anticipated compared to the Faustman optimal cutting time. If, alternatively, the equivalent constant rate of discount is the empirically observed discount rate, then the optimal cutting time is the same, but the present value of profits for the hyperbolic forest owner is always higher than the one resulting from the equivalent constant discount rate. All these results apply to both the single and the multiple rotation problems.N/

Urban sprawl assessment model in the context of sustainable development

The disordered urban growth may prove catastrophic for the future of cities if preventive measures are not taken. The increase of built-up areas, the growing need for implementation of urban infrastructures, the resulting increase in soil sealing, the excessive consumption of natural resources, the elevated need for car use on daily travels, the increase in travel distances, etc., are examples of the negative effects caused by urban sprawl. In order to implement measures to halt or avoid the damage caused by urban sprawl on the environment, society and economy, it is necessary to know which areas to intervene. In this sense, a multicriteria analysis model is presented that combines sustainable development indicators, with the main objective of calculating an index of sustainable urban expansion. This model, developed according to the Analytical Hierarchy Process, comprises three levels of analysis. At the first level, the indicators of urban sustainable development are aggregated and associated withsix criteria. The weighted aggregate of composite indicators, which constitute the second level of analysis, allows evaluating different scenarios and studying the level of influence of urban sprawl on the diverse dimensions. In the last level of analysis, an index is calculated,resulting from the aggregation of all indicatorsconsidered along the hierarchical structure. Thus, the proposed model allows quantifying the level of sustainability of urban sprawl, according to the lines of sustainable development defined for this work, serving as a tool to support urban planning interventions

Identifying Nonrational Behavior in Recreation Demand Models

In the context of an estimated RPL (Random Parameters Logit) choice model of recreational demand for the game reserves of the KwaZulu-Natal province in South Africa, a test on the existence of an underlying rational preference structure is presented. The proposed procedure allows to identify nonrational behavior in the sample. Using two different data sets extracted from the original data base, we show that by improving the data, apparent nonrationality can be eliminated and welfare analysis may be safely conducted.N/