Game-Theoretic, Interposable Communication

Recent advances in distributed epistemologies and ubiquitous configurations have paved the way for superpages. Here, we show the explo- ration of thin clients. Here we disprove not only that superpages can be made “fuzzy”, “fuzzy”, and knowledge-based, but that the same is true for the UNIVAC computer

A review of IATTC research on the early life history and reproductive biology of scombrids conducted at the Achotines Laboratory from 1985 to 2005

English: For nearly a century, fisheries scientists have studied marine fish stocks in an effort to understand how the abundances of fish populations are determined. During the early lives of marine fishes, survival is variable, and the numbers of individuals surviving to transitional stages or recruitment are difficult to predict. The egg, larval, and juvenile stages of marine fishes are characterized by high rates of mortality and growth. Most marine fishes, particularly pelagic species, are highly fecund, produce small eggs and larvae, and feed and grow in complex aquatic ecosystems. The identification of environmental or biological factors that are most important in controlling survival during the early life stages of marine fishes is a potentially powerful tool in stock assessment. Because vital rates (mortality and growth) during the early life stages of marine fishes are high and variable, small changes in those rates can have profound effects on the properties of survivors and recruitment potential (Houde 1989). Understanding and predicting the factors that most strongly influence pre-recruit survival are key goals of fisheries research programs. Spanish: Desde hace casi un siglo, los científicos pesqueros han estudiado las poblaciones de peces marinos en un intento por entender cómo se determina la abundancia de las mismas. Durante la vida temprana de los peces marinos, la supervivencia es variable, y el número de individuos que sobrevive hasta las etapas transicionales o el reclutamiento es difícil de predecir. Las etapas de huevo, larval, y juvenil de los peces marinos son caracterizadas por tasas altas de mortalidad y crecimiento. La mayoría de los peces marinos, particularmente las especies pelágicas, son muy fecundos, producen huevos y larvas pequeños, y se alimentan y crecen en ecosistemas acuáticos complejos. La identificación los factores ambientales o biológicos más importantes en el control de la supervivencia durante las etapas tempranas de vida de los peces marinos es una herramienta potencialmente potente en la evaluación de las poblaciones. Ya que las tasas vitales (mortalidad y crecimiento) durante las etapas tempranas de vida de los peces marinos son altas y variables, cambios pequeños en esas tasas pueden ejercer efectos importantes sobre las propiedades de los supervivientes y el potencial de reclutamiento (Houde 1989). Comprender y predecir los factores que más afectan la supervivencia antes del reclutamiento son objetivos clave de los programas de investigación pesquera

Spawning and early development of captive yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares)

In this study we describe the courtship and spawning behaviors of captive yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares), their spawning periodicity, the influence of physical and biological factors on spawning and hatching, and egg and early-larval development of this species at the Achotines Laboratory, Republic of Panama, during October 1996 through March 2000. Spawning occurred almost daily over extended periods and at water temperatures from 23.3° to 29.7°C. Water temperature appeared to be the main exogenous factor controlling the occurrence and timing of spawning. Courtship and spawning behaviors were ritualized and consistent among three groups of broodstock over 3.5 years. For any date, the time of day of spawning (range: 1330 to 2130 h) was predictable from mean daily water temperature, and 95% of hatching occurred the next day between 1500 and 1900 h. We estimated that females at first spawning averaged 1.6−2.0 years of age. Over short time periods (<1 month), spawning females increased their egg production from 30% to 234% in response to shortterm increases in daily food ration of 9% to 33%. Egg diameter, notochord length (NL) at hatching, NL at first feeding, and dry weights of these stages were estimated. Water temperature was significantly, inversely related to egg size, egg-stage duration, larval size at hatching, and yolksac larval duration

miRNA detection methods and clinical implications in lung cancer

[EN] Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Therefore, advances in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease are urgently needed. miRNAs are a family of small, noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the transcriptional level. miRNAs have been reported to be deregulated and to play a critical role in different types of cancer, including lung cancer. Thus, miRNA profiling in lung cancer patients has become the core of several investigations. To this end, the development of a multitude of platforms for miRNA profiling analysis has been essential. This article focuses on the different technologies available for assessing miRNAs and the most important results obtained to date in lung cancer.This study was partially supported by a grant from the Ministerio de Ciencia e Inovacion de Espana (TRA09-0132), Beca Roche en Onco-Hematologia 2009 and Red Tematica de Investigacion Cooperativa en Cancer (RD12/0036/0025). The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.Usó, M.; Jantus Lewintre, E.; Sirera Pérez, R.; Bremnes, RM.; Camps, C. (2014). miRNA detection methods and clinical implications in lung cancer. Future Oncology. 10(14):2279-2292. https://doi.org/10.2217/FON.14.93S227922921014Jemal, A., Bray, F., Center, M. M., Ferlay, J., Ward, E., & Forman, D. (2011). Global cancer statistics. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 61(2), 69-90. doi:10.3322/caac.20107Herbst, R. S., Heymach, J. V., & Lippman, S. M. (2008). Lung Cancer. New England Journal of Medicine, 359(13), 1367-1380. doi:10.1056/nejmra0802714Ferlay, J., Parkin, D. M., & Steliarova-Foucher, E. (2010). Estimates of cancer incidence and mortality in Europe in 2008. 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Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 343(1), 85-89. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.02.106Mestdagh, P., Feys, T., Bernard, N., Guenther, S., Chen, C., Speleman, F., & Vandesompele, J. (2008). High-throughput stem-loop RT-qPCR miRNA expression profiling using minute amounts of input RNA. Nucleic Acids Research, 36(21), e143-e143. doi:10.1093/nar/gkn725Nolan, T., Hands, R. E., & Bustin, S. A. (2006). Quantification of mRNA using real-time RT-PCR. Nature Protocols, 1(3), 1559-1582. doi:10.1038/nprot.2006.236Zipper, H. (2004). Investigations on DNA intercalation and surface binding by SYBR Green I, its structure determination and methodological implications. Nucleic Acids Research, 32(12), e103-e103. doi:10.1093/nar/gnh101Mohammadian, A., Mowla, S. J., Elahi, E., Tavallaei, M., Nourani, M. R., & Liang, Y. (2013). Normalization of miRNA qPCR high-throughput data: a comparison of methods. Biotechnology Letters, 35(6), 843-851. doi:10.1007/s10529-013-1150-5Xie, Y., Todd, N. W., Liu, Z., Zhan, M., Fang, H., Peng, H., … Jiang, F. (2010). Altered miRNA expression in sputum for diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer, 67(2), 170-176. doi:10.1016/j.lungcan.2009.04.004Yu, S.-L., Chen, H.-Y., Chang, G.-C., Chen, C.-Y., Chen, H.-W., Singh, S., … Yang, P.-C. (2008). MicroRNA Signature Predicts Survival and Relapse in Lung Cancer. Cancer Cell, 13(1), 48-57. doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2007.12.008Mascaux, C., Laes, J. F., Anthoine, G., Haller, A., Ninane, V., Burny, A., & Sculier, J. P. (2008). Evolution of microRNA expression during human bronchial squamous carcinogenesis. European Respiratory Journal, 33(2), 352-359. doi:10.1183/09031936.00084108Silva, J., Garcia, V., Zaballos, A., Provencio, M., Lombardia, L., Almonacid, L., … Bonilla, F. (2010). Vesicle-related microRNAs in plasma of nonsmall cell lung cancer patients and correlation with survival. European Respiratory Journal, 37(3), 617-623. doi:10.1183/09031936.00029610Berghmans, T., Ameye, L., Willems, L., Paesmans, M., Mascaux, C., Lafitte, J. J., … Sculier, J. P. (2013). Identification of microRNA-based signatures for response and survival for non-small cell lung cancer treated with cisplatin-vinorelbine A ELCWP prospective study. Lung Cancer, 82(2), 340-345. doi:10.1016/j.lungcan.2013.07.020Hennessey, P. T., Sanford, T., Choudhary, A., Mydlarz, W. W., Brown, D., Adai, A. T., … Califano, J. A. (2012). Serum microRNA Biomarkers for Detection of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. PLoS ONE, 7(2), e32307. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0032307Skrzypski, M., Czapiewski, P., Goryca, K., Jassem, E., Wyrwicz, L., Pawłowski, R., … Jassem, J. (2014). Prognostic value of microRNA expression in operable non-small cell lung cancer patients. British Journal of Cancer, 110(4), 991-1000. doi:10.1038/bjc.2013.786Cazzoli, R., Buttitta, F., Di Nicola, M., Malatesta, S., Marchetti, A., Rom, W. N., & Pass, H. I. (2013). microRNAs Derived from Circulating Exosomes as Noninvasive Biomarkers for Screening and Diagnosing Lung Cancer. Journal of Thoracic Oncology, 8(9), 1156-1162. doi:10.1097/jto.0b013e318299ac32Rosenfeld, N., Aharonov, R., Meiri, E., Rosenwald, S., Spector, Y., Zepeniuk, M., … Barshack, I. (2008). MicroRNAs accurately identify cancer tissue origin. Nature Biotechnology, 26(4), 462-469. doi:10.1038/nbt1392Boeri, M., Verri, C., Conte, D., Roz, L., Modena, P., Facchinetti, F., … Sozzi, G. (2011). MicroRNA signatures in tissues and plasma predict development and prognosis of computed tomography detected lung cancer. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108(9), 3713-3718. doi:10.1073/pnas.1100048108Yu, L., Todd, N. W., Xing, L., Xie, Y., Zhang, H., Liu, Z., … Jiang, F. (2010). Early detection of lung adenocarcinoma in sputum by a panel of microRNA markers. International Journal of Cancer, 127(12), 2870-2878. doi:10.1002/ijc.25289Xing, L., Todd, N. W., Yu, L., Fang, H., & Jiang, F. (2010). Early detection of squamous cell lung cancer in sputum by a panel of microRNA markers. Modern Pathology, 23(8), 1157-1164. doi:10.1038/modpathol.2010.111Shen, J., Todd, N. W., Zhang, H., Yu, L., Lingxiao, X., Mei, Y., … Jiang, F. (2010). Plasma microRNAs as potential biomarkers for non-small-cell lung cancer. Laboratory Investigation, 91(4), 579-587. doi:10.1038/labinvest.2010.194Campayo, M., Navarro, A., Viñolas, N., Diaz, T., Tejero, R., Gimferrer, J. M., … Marrades, R. (2012). Low miR-145 and high miR-367 are associated with unfavourable prognosis in resected nonsmall cell lung cancer. European Respiratory Journal, 41(5), 1172-1178. doi:10.1183/09031936.00048712Zhu, W., Liu, X., He, J., Chen, D., Hunag, Y., & Zhang, Y. K. (2011). Overexpression of members of the microRNA-183 family is a risk factor for lung cancer: A case control study. BMC Cancer, 11(1). doi:10.1186/1471-2407-11-393Duncavage, E., Goodgame, B., Sezhiyan, A., Govindan, R., & Pfeifer, J. (2010). Use of MicroRNA Expression Levels to Predict Outcomes in Resected Stage I Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. Journal of Thoracic Oncology, 5(11), 1755-1763. doi:10.1097/jto.0b013e3181f3909dChen, Q., Si, Q., Xiao, S., Xie, Q., Lin, J., Wang, C., … Wang, L. (2012). Prognostic significance of serum miR-17-5p in lung cancer. Medical Oncology, 30(1). doi:10.1007/s12032-012-0353-2Zhang, H., Su, Y., Xu, F., Kong, J., Yu, H., & Qian, B. (2013). Circulating MicroRNAs in Relation to EGFR Status and Survival of Lung Adenocarcinoma in Female Non-Smokers. PLoS ONE, 8(11), e81408. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0081408Garofalo, M., Romano, G., Di Leva, G., Nuovo, G., Jeon, Y.-J., Ngankeu, A., … Croce, C. M. (2011). EGFR and MET receptor tyrosine kinase–altered microRNA expression induces tumorigenesis and gefitinib resistance in lung cancers. Nature Medicine, 18(1), 74-82. doi:10.1038/nm.2577Romano, G., Acunzo, M., Garofalo, M., Di Leva, G., Cascione, L., Zanca, C., … Croce, C. M. (2012). MiR-494 is regulated by ERK1/2 and modulates TRAIL-induced apoptosis in non-small-cell lung cancer through BIM down-regulation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(41), 16570-16575. doi:10.1073/pnas.1207917109Kreil, D. P., Russell, R. R., & Russell, S. (2006). [4] Microarray Oligonucleotide Probes. DNA Microarrays, Part A: Array Platforms and Wet-Bench Protocols, 73-98. doi:10.1016/s0076-6879(06)10004-xKRICHEVSKY, A. M. (2003). A microRNA array reveals extensive regulation of microRNAs during brain development. RNA, 9(10), 1274-1281. doi:10.1261/rna.5980303SHINGARA, J. (2005). An optimized isolation and labeling platform for accurate microRNA expression profiling. RNA, 11(9), 1461-1470. doi:10.1261/rna.2610405Castoldi, M. (2006). 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MicroRNAs: small RNAs with a big role in gene regulation. Nature Reviews Genetics, 5(7), 522-531. doi:10.1038/nrg137

Stereoscopic three-dimensional visualization applied to multimodal brain images: Clinical applications and a functional connectivity atlas

Effective visualization is central to the exploration and comprehension of brain imaging data. While MRI data are acquired in three-dimensional space, the methods for visualizing such data have rarely taken advantage of three-dimensional stereoscopic technologies. We present here results of stereoscopic visualization of clinical data, as well as an atlas of whole-brain functional connectivity. In comparison with traditional 3D rendering techniques, we demonstrate the utility of stereoscopic visualizations to provide an intuitive description of the exact location and the relative sizes of various brain landmarks, structures and lesions. In the case of resting state fMRI, stereoscopic 3D visualization facilitated comprehension of the anatomical position of complex large-scale functional connectivity patterns. Overall, stereoscopic visualization improves the intuitive visual comprehension of image contents, and brings increased dimensionality to visualization of traditional MRI data, as well as patterns of functional connectivity

Controlled release delivery of penciclovir via a silicone (MED-4750) polymer: kinetics of drug delivery and efficacy in preventing primary feline herpesvirus infection in culture

Peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) represents a relatively rare group of heterogeneous non-Hodgkin lymphomas, with generally poor prognosis. Historically, there has been a lack of consensus regarding appropriate therapeutic measures for the disease, with conventional frontline chemotherapies being utilized in most cases. Following promising results obtained in 2009, the methotrexate analogue, pralatrexate, became the first drug to gain US FDA approval for the treatment of refractory PTCL. This antimetabolite was designed to have a higher affinity for reduced folate carrier (RFC) and folylpolyglutamate synthetase (FPGS). RFC is the principal transporter for cell entrance of folates and antifolates. Once inside the cell, pralatrexate is efficiently polyglutamated by FPGS. Pralatrexate has demonstrated varying degrees of efficacy in peripheral T-cell lymphoma, with response rates differing between the multiple subtypes of the disease. While phase III studies are still to be completed, early clinical trials indicate that pralatrexate is promising new therapeutic for PTCL