Total Syntheses of Disorazoles A₁ and B₁ and Full Structural Elucidation of Disorazole B₁

Described herein are the first total syntheses of naturally occurring antitumor agents disorazoles A₁ and B₁ and the full structural assignment of the latter. The syntheses were achieved through convergent strategies employing enantioselective constructions of the required building blocks, including a novel Sharpless epoxidation/enzymatic kinetic resolution of stannane-containing substrates that led selectively to both enantiomeric forms of an epoxy vinyl stannane, and a series of coupling reactions, including a Wittig reaction, a Suzuki coupling, a Stille coupling, a Yamaguchi esterification and a Yamaguchi macrolactonization

Asymmetric Syntheses of (+)-Preussin B, the C(2)-Epimer of (−)-Preussin B, and 3‑Deoxy-(+)-preussin B

Efficient de novo asymmetric syntheses of (+)-preussin B, the C(2)-epimer of (−)-preussin B, and 3-deoxy-(+)-preussin B have been developed, using the diastereoselective conjugate addition of lithium (<i>S</i>)-<i>N</i>-benzyl-<i>N</i>-(α-methylbenzyl)­amide to <i>tert</i>-butyl 4-phenylbut-2-enoate and diastereoselective reductive cyclizations of γ-amino ketones as the key steps to set the stereochemistry. Conjugate addition followed by enolate protonation generated the corresponding β-amino ester. Homologation using the ester functionality as a synthetic handle gave the corresponding γ-amino ketone. Hydrogenolytic N-debenzylation was accompanied by diastereoselective reductive cyclization in situ; reductive N-methylation then gave 3-deoxy-(+)-preussin B as the major diastereoisomeric product. Meanwhile, the same conjugate addition but followed by enolate oxidation with (+)-camphorsulfonyloxaziridine gave the corresponding <i>anti</i>-α-hydroxy-β-amino ester. α-Epimerization by oxidation and diastereoselective reduction then gave access to the corresponding <i>syn</i>-α-hydroxy-β-amino ester. Homologation of both of these diastereoisomeric α-hydroxy-β-amino esters gave the corresponding β-hydroxy-γ-amino ketones. N-Debenzylation and concomitant diastereoselective reductive cyclization, followed by reductive N-methylation, provided the C(2)-epimer of (−)-preussin B and (+)-preussin B as the major diastereoisomeric products, respectively. The overall yields (from phenylacetaldehyde) were 19% for 3-deoxy-(+)-preussin B over seven steps, 8% for the C(2)-epimer of (−)-preussin B over nine steps, and 7% for (+)-preussin B over eleven steps

Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Antibiotic CJ-16,264, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Designed Analogues, and Discovery of Highly Potent and Simpler Antibacterial Agents

An improved and enantioselective total synthesis of antibiotic CJ-16,264 through a practical kinetic resolution and an iodolactonization reaction to form the iodo pyrrolizidinone fragment of the molecule is described. A series of racemic and enantiopure analogues of CJ-16,264 was designed and synthesized through the developed synthetic technologies and tested against drug-resistant bacterial strains. These studies led to interesting structure–activity relationships and the identification of a number of simpler, and yet equipotent, or even more potent, antibacterial agents than the natural product, thereby setting the foundation for further investigations in the quest for new anti-infective drugs