On Kentrodoris and Jorunna (Gastropoda Opisthobranchia)

As 15 espécies anteriormente descritas como Kentrodoris ou Jorunna são revistas. O resultado é que 6 espécies são válidas, 3 já tinham sido removidas para outros gêneros, uma é sinônimo, e 5 não podem com certeza ser colocadas no presente grupo. Por outro lado, descrições pormenorizadas de 3 materiais, identificados com outras espécies, revelam tratar-se de 3 espécies novas, Jorunna alisonae, J. malcolmi e /. zania. Além disso, 2 espécies novas são descritas, J. luisae e J. lemchei. Awuka spazzola revelou-se como Jorunna. A distinção entre Kentrodoris e Jorunna no Tratado de Grassé (Odhner, 1968: 871) baseia-se ainda nas diagnoses de Bergh (1876). Bergh tinha, nas suas espécies, confundido a papila penial inerme e o estilete da glândula vestibular, e descrito o gênero Kentrodoris com estilete penial e glândula vestibular inerme. Em Doris johnstoni (= tomentosa) Alder Hancock (1845) haviam acertadamente reconhecido a papila penial inerme e o estilete da glândula vestibular. Para esta espécie Bergh criou o gênero Jorunna (1876). O meu estudo de 9 espécies, como também boas descrições de 2 espécies ulteriores, mostram que todas as 10 espécies suficientemente conhecidas têm estilete na glândula vestibular e a papila penial inerme. A única espécie com duto masculino cuticularizado é Kendrodoris rubescens. Todas as outras espécies pertencem a Jorunna

On some Opisthobranchs from Cananéia, Brazil

Dez espécies de Cananéia e uma de Ubatuba foram colecionadas. Duas das espécies são novas para a ciência: Coryphella verta e Catriona oba. Elysia serca é comparada com E. clena Marcus (1970, p. 49). Os gêneros Cuthona, Trinchesia, e Catriona são discutidos

Gastropods

82 p. : ill. ; 24 cm.Includes bibliographical references (p. 69-82)

Slugs from Brazil

21 p. : ill. ; 24 cm.Includes bibliographical references (p. 17-21)

Gastropods

33 p. : ill. ; 24 cm.Includes bibliographical references (p. 29-33)

Author Correction: A consensus-based transparency checklist.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper

A consensus-based transparency checklist

We present a consensus-based checklist to improve and document the transparency of research reports in social and behavioural research. An accompanying online application allows users to complete the form and generate a report that they can submit with their manuscript or post to a public repository

Subcortical volumes across the lifespan: Data from 18,605 healthy individuals aged 3–90 years

Age has a major effect on brain volume. However, the normative studies available are constrained by small sample sizes, restricted age coverage and significant methodological variability. These limitations introduce inconsistencies and may obscure or distort the lifespan trajectories of brain morphometry. In response, we capitalized on the resources of the Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics through Meta‐Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium to examine age‐related trajectories inferred from cross‐sectional measures of the ventricles, the basal ganglia (caudate, putamen, pallidum, and nucleus accumbens), the thalamus, hippocampus and amygdala using magnetic resonance imaging data obtained from 18,605 individuals aged 3–90 years. All subcortical structure volumes were at their maximum value early in life. The volume of the basal ganglia showed a monotonic negative association with age thereafter; there was no significant association between age and the volumes of the thalamus, amygdala and the hippocampus (with some degree of decline in thalamus) until the sixth decade of life after which they also showed a steep negative association with age. The lateral ventricles showed continuous enlargement throughout the lifespan. Age was positively associated with inter‐individual variability in the hippocampus and amygdala and the lateral ventricles. These results were robust to potential confounders and could be used to examine the functional significance of deviations from typical age‐related morphometric patterns

Cortical thickness across the lifespan: Data from 17,075 healthy individuals aged 3-90 years

Delineating the association of age and cortical thickness in healthy individuals is critical given the association of cortical thickness with cognition and behavior. Previous research has shown that robust estimates of the association between age and brain morphometry require large‐scale studies. In response, we used cross‐sectional data from 17,075 individuals aged 3–90 years from the Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics through Meta‐Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium to infer age‐related changes in cortical thickness. We used fractional polynomial (FP) regression to quantify the association between age and cortical thickness, and we computed normalized growth centiles using the parametric Lambda, Mu, and Sigma method. Interindividual variability was estimated using meta‐analysis and one‐way analysis of variance. For most regions, their highest cortical thickness value was observed in childhood. Age and cortical thickness showed a negative association; the slope was steeper up to the third decade of life and more gradual thereafter; notable exceptions to this general pattern were entorhinal, temporopolar, and anterior cingulate cortices. Interindividual variability was largest in temporal and frontal regions across the lifespan. Age and its FP combinations explained up to 59% variance in cortical thickness. These results may form the basis of further investigation on normative deviation in cortical thickness and its significance for behavioral and cognitive outcomes