Ethical limits of transplantation

A rapid progress in grafting therapy is inseparably connected with new challenges in the field of ethics. This article treats of the task of setting the requirements (and also limits) which transplantology - which the Catholic Church commends as a work of the love of neighbor-should meet, so that its work couId be qualified as morally - meritorious". The most essential ethical problems are those connected with the donor and the recipient, hence these are the main points of consideration. With regard to the recipient, the prerequisite of voluntary consent is significant, whereas with regard to the donor, the problems of deceased donors received particular attention. These include: a definitive criterion of death, a prior consent of the person regarding the removal of their organs or tissue, and the question of reverence towards the mortal remains as well as the respect due to the relatives of the deceased. Provided the ethical rules concerning grafting medicine are respected, the process is ethically correct and good and should be encouraged.Uniwersytet w Opolu75-8

Sprawozdanie z konferencji naukowej pt. „Wielka Wojna. W stulecie wybuchu”, Łódź, 20–22 listopada 2014 r.

Kronika naukow

Moderate temperature detector development

The development of (Hg, Cd)Te detectors for 8 to 12 micrometer wavelength regions capable of achieving significantly improved sensitivity at noncryogenic temperatures is discussed

Moderate temperature detector development

P-side backside reflecting constant, photodiode characterization, and photodiode diffusion and G-R currents were investigated in an effort to develop an 8 m to 12 m infrared quantum detector using mercury cadmium telluride. Anodization, phosphorus implantation, and the graded band gap concept were approaches considered for backside formation. Variable thickness diodes were fabricated with a back surface anodic oxide to investigate the effect of this surface preparation on the diffusion limited zero bias impedance. A modeling technique was refined to thoroughly model diode characteristics. Values for the surface recombination velocity in the depletion region were obtained. These values were improved by implementing better surface damage removal techniques

Cobalt Catalysts for Alkene Hydrosilylation under Aerobic Conditions without Dry Solvents or Additives

[EN] Alkene hydrosilylation is typically performed with Pt catalysts, but inexpensive base-metal catalysts would be preferred. Here, we report a simple method for the use of air-stable cobalt catalysts for anti-Markovnikov alkene hydrosilylation that can be used under aerobic conditions without dry solvents or additives. These catalysts can be generated from low-cost commercially available materials. In addition, these catalysts possess good catalytic ability for both hydrosilanes and hydroalkoxysilanes. Finally, a mechanistic study demonstrates that the silane and the catalyst generate a Co-H species in the course of the reaction, which has been observed by in situ Raman spectroscopy.Program Severo Ochoa SEV-2016-0683 is gratefully acknowledged. S. G. T. and P. O.-B. thank MINECO for a FPU Ph.D. fellowship FPU16/02117 and a Ramon y Cajal contract RYC-2014-16620, respectively. Authors would like to thank Prof. Avelino Corma for discussion on the work and support. Authors would like to thank Ms. Adelina Munoz, Dr. Alejandro Vidal, and Ms. Carmen Clemente for the Raman, EPR, and ESI-MS measurements, respectively. Authors are also grateful for the use of analytical facilities at the X-ray Unit of RIAIDT (Universidad de Santiago de Compostela).Gutiérrez-Tarriño, S.; Concepción Heydorn, P.; Oña-Burgos, P. (2018). Cobalt Catalysts for Alkene Hydrosilylation under Aerobic Conditions without Dry Solvents or Additives. European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry. 45:4867-4874. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejic.201801068S4867487445Marciniec, B. (s. f.). Hydrosilylation of Alkenes and Their Derivatives. Advances In Silicon Science, 3-51. doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-8172-9_1Nakajima, Y., & Shimada, S. (2015). Hydrosilylation reaction of olefins: recent advances and perspectives. RSC Advances, 5(26), 20603-20616. doi:10.1039/c4ra17281gSun, J., & Deng, L. (2015). Cobalt Complex-Catalyzed Hydrosilylation of Alkenes and Alkynes. ACS Catalysis, 6(1), 290-300. doi:10.1021/acscatal.5b02308Wang, C., Teo, W. J., & Ge, S. (2016). Cobalt-Catalyzed Regiodivergent Hydrosilylation of Vinylarenes and Aliphatic Alkenes: Ligand- and Silane-Dependent Regioselectivities. ACS Catalysis, 7(1), 855-863. doi:10.1021/acscatal.6b02518Markó, I. E., Stérin, S., Buisine, O., Mignani, G., Branlard, P., Tinant, B., & Declercq, J.-P. (2002). Selective and Efficient Platinum(0)-Carbene Complexes As Hydrosilylation Catalysts. Science, 298(5591), 204-206. doi:10.1126/science.1073338Markó, I. E., Stérin, S., Buisine, O., Berthon, G., Michaud, G., Tinant, B., & Declercq, J.-P. (2004). Highly Active and Selective Platinum(0)-Carbene Complexes. Efficient, Catalytic Hydrosilylation of Functionalised Olefins. Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis, 346(12), 1429-1434. doi:10.1002/adsc.200404048Marciniec, B., Posała, K., Kownacki, I., Kubicki, M., & Taylor, R. (2012). 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Photochemical Reaction of [(CO)4Co(SiEt3)] with Ethylene: Implications for Cobaltcarbonyl-Catalyzed Hydrosilation of Alkenes. Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English, 27(2), 289-291. doi:10.1002/anie.198802891Seitz, F., & Wrighton, M. S. (1988). Die photochemische Reaktion von [(CO)4Co(SiEt3)] mit Ethylen und ihre Bedeutung für die Katalyse der Hydrosilylierung von Alkenen durch Carbonylcobalt-Komplexe. Angewandte Chemie, 100(2), 281-283. doi:10.1002/ange.19881000217Hojilla Atienza, C. C., Tondreau, A. M., Weller, K. J., Lewis, K. M., Cruse, R. W., Nye, S. A., … Chirik, P. J. (2012). High-Selectivity Bis(imino)pyridine Iron Catalysts for the Hydrosilylation of 1,2,4-Trivinylcyclohexane. ACS Catalysis, 2(10), 2169-2172. doi:10.1021/cs300584bBart, S. C., Lobkovsky, E., & Chirik, P. J. (2004). Preparation and Molecular and Electronic Structures of Iron(0) Dinitrogen and Silane Complexes and Their Application to Catalytic Hydrogenation and Hydrosilation. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 126(42), 13794-13807. doi:10.1021/ja046753tWu, J. Y., Stanzl, B. N., & Ritter, T. (2010). A Strategy for the Synthesis of Well-Defined Iron Catalysts and Application to Regioselective Diene Hydrosilylation. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 132(38), 13214-13216. doi:10.1021/ja106853yMarciniec, B., Kownacka, A., Kownacki, I., & Taylor, R. (2014). Hydrosilylation cross-linking of silicon fluids by a novel class of iron(0) catalysts. Applied Catalysis A: General, 486, 230-238. doi:10.1016/j.apcata.2014.08.037Chen, J., Cheng, B., Cao, M., & Lu, Z. (2015). Iron-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrosilylation of 1,1-Disubstituted Alkenes. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 54(15), 4661-4664. doi:10.1002/anie.201411884Chen, J., Cheng, B., Cao, M., & Lu, Z. (2015). Iron-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrosilylation of 1,1-Disubstituted Alkenes. Angewandte Chemie, 127(15), 4744-4747. doi:10.1002/ange.201411884Cheng, B., Liu, W., & Lu, Z. (2018). Iron-Catalyzed Highly Enantioselective Hydrosilylation of Unactivated Terminal Alkenes. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 140(15), 5014-5017. doi:10.1021/jacs.8b01638Atienza, C. C. H., Diao, T., Weller, K. J., Nye, S. A., Lewis, K. M., Delis, J. G. P., … Chirik, P. J. (2014). Bis(imino)pyridine Cobalt-Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Silylation of Alkenes: Scope, Mechanism, and Origins of Selective Allylsilane Formation. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 136(34), 12108-12118. doi:10.1021/ja5060884Mo, Z., Liu, Y., & Deng, L. (2013). Anchoring of Silyl Donors on a N-Heterocyclic Carbene through the Cobalt-Mediated Silylation of Benzylic CH Bonds. Angewandte Chemie, 125(41), 11045-11049. doi:10.1002/ange.201304596Chen, C., Hecht, M. B., Kavara, A., Brennessel, W. W., Mercado, B. Q., Weix, D. J., & Holland, P. L. (2015). Rapid, Regioconvergent, Solvent-Free Alkene Hydrosilylation with a Cobalt Catalyst. 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Usability analysis of advertising websites interfaces with the use of the universal design principles

The aim of the research was to observe how the usage of the universal design principles influences on the accessibility and usability of websites. As one of the analysis’ subjects there was chosen the popular advertising website. It has been confronted with a newly implemented application offering the same functions, but improved with the requirements resulting from the universal design. In order to compare those two services there was conducted the study with the use of eye-tracking, LUT checklists and WAVE Evaluation Tool. These methods made it possible to demonstrate the differences between websites caused by the contrasting implementation methods. The results showed that an application of universal design principles has a positive impact on the websites’ accessibility and usability

Analysis of two cases of myasthenic crisis

Introduction: Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease of the postsynaptic part of the neuromuscular junction. The disease is chronic, manifesting itself in the fatigue of various muscle groups, and the first manifestation of the disease often affects the muscles that move the eyeball and eyelid, although MG can lead to weakness of any muscle group. In turn, myasthenic crisis is a severe worsening of muscle weakness that often results in the urgent need of mechanical ventilation of the patient, due to the respiratory failure. Case reports: The first patient, 64 years old, female was admitted to the Neurology Department due to breathing difficulties and weakness of the limbs, which suddenly worsened within a dozen of hours before admission. During the stay, steroid therapy was used, as well as six times plasma exchange took place at the Nephrology Department with good treatment tolerance. The dosage of pyridostigmine was also modified, with no adverse effects. During the stay, the patient's condition improved - respiratory disorders resolved, ptosis was significantly withdrawn, and limb muscle tension increased globally. The second patient, aged 67, also female, with a history of myasthenia gravis as well, was admitted to the Neurology Department due to increased fatigue, ptosis, dysphagia, and difficulties in speaking and breathing. Steroid therapy was used, but due to high blood glucose, the steroid dose was reduced and a 2-day cladribine treatment was initiated, with good tolerance. Discussion: Myasthenic crisis is often a life-threatening condition that requires immediate treatment. Steroid therapy, pyridostigmine, IVIG and plasma exchange are standard approaches in myasthenic crisis. Cladribine is not an ordinary approach, but can be beneficial in some patients

A neoplasm associated with the meninges of the spinal canal – a case report

Introduction: Spinal canal neoplasms are a heterogeneous group of diseases including both primary and metastatic tumors, either benign or malignant. These tumors can develop both intraspinally and peripherally. Spinal canal tumors are four times less frequent than intracranial tumors. Four-limb paresis may be one of the leading symptoms of a spinal canal tumor. Case report: A 76-year-old female patient was admitted to Neurology Dept. Due to progresive paresis of the lower limbs, muscle weakness, gait disorders and urinary incontinence. A spine MRI revealed a contrast enhancement of the meninges of the spinal cord over the entire length of the spinal cord in the sections covered by the MRI, as well as numerous focal lesions associated with the meninges, which were most likely cancer metastatic foci. CT of the chest, abdominal cavity and pelvis showed no signs of primary neoplasm. A PET scan was scheduled for a patient, but it was abandoned due to haemorrhagic incydent within the brain of the patient. Head MRI revealed no signs of primary cancer focus as well. Histopathological examination of the CSF revealed no specific changes. The patient died, and the autopsy was not performed accordingly to family’s request. Discussion: Cancers of unknown primary origin constitute 3-5% of all cancer cases. These, usually fast-progressing cancers are a huge diagnostic difficulty, which results in mediocre effects of treatment of patients who already have cancer metastases, but it is not known what type of cancer doctors are dealing with. In approximately 20% of patients with cancer with an unknown origin, the primary tumor cannot be determined despite the specialized examinations. In such cases, often only post-mortem examination gives a chance to make the correct diagnosis

Improved detectivity of pyroelectric detectors

High detectivity single-element SBN pyroelectric detectors were fabricated. The theory and technology developments related to improved detector performance were identified and formulated. Improved methods of material characterization, thinning, mounting, blackening and amplifier matching are discussed. Detectors with detectivities of 1.3 x 10 to the 9th power square root of Hz/watt at 1 Hz are reported. Factors limiting performance and recommendations for future work are discussed