Can climate warming save Daphnia from parasites? Reduced parasite prevalence in Daphnia populations from artificially heated lakes

Climate warming might modify infection outcomes and it has been proposed that temperature increase will result in a “sicker world.” We tested this hypothesis by comparing the prevalence of infection in a common freshwater host–parasite system (crustacean Daphnia infected with the ichthyosporean pathogen Caullerya mesnili) between five artificially heated lakes and four nearby non‐heated control lakes. The heated lakes, which receive warm water from two power plants, have experienced an elevation in water temperature of ca. 3–4°C for the last 60 yr. Analyses of 5 yr of field data revealed that Daphnia communities from heated lakes had lower parasite prevalence than communities from control sites. To disentangle a possible direct detrimental effect of elevated temperature on the parasite from differences in baseline levels of host resistance, we compared infection susceptibility between Daphnia clones isolated from heated and control lakes, under laboratory conditions at two different temperatures. Daphnia from heated lakes were less susceptible to infection than clones from control lakes, while experimental temperature did not affect infection outcome. The data did not confirm the “warmer hence sicker world” scenario. Instead, it seems that indirect effects of temperature elevation (via shifts in lake hydrology) may restrict its spread into heated lakes. Then, local adaptation to the host from control lakes further inhibits re‐establishment of the parasite from control to heated lakes. Our results underline the context‐dependency of the impact of temperature increase on host–parasite interactions

Performance Evaluation of the MSMPS Algorithm under Different Distribution Traffic, Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology, 2013, nr 3

In this paper, the Maximal Size Matching with Permanent Selection (MSMPS) scheduling algorithm and its performance evaluation, under different traffic models, are described. In this article, computer simulation results under nonuniformly, diagonally and lin-diagonally distributed traffic models are presented. The simulations was performed for different switch sizes: 4×4, 8×8 and 16×16. Results for MSMPS algorithm and for other algorithms well known in the literature are discussed. All results are presented for 16×16 switch size but simulation results are representative for other switch sizes. Mean Time Delay and efficiency were compared and considered. It is shown that our algorithm achieve similar performance results like another algorithms, but it does not need any additional calculations. This information causes that MSMPS algorithm can be easily implemented in hardware

Temperature increase altered Daphnia community structure in artificially heated lakes: a potential scenario for a warmer future

Under conditions of global warming, organisms are expected to track their thermal preferences, invading new habitats at higher latitudes and altitudes and altering the structure of local communities. To fend off potential invaders, indigenous communities/populations will have to rapidly adapt to the increase in temperature. In this study, we tested if decades of artificial water heating changed the structure of communities and populations of the Daphnia longispina species complex. We compared the species composition of contemporary Daphnia communities inhabiting five lakes heated by power plants and four non-heated control lakes. The heated lakes are ca. 3–4 °C warmer, as all lakes are expected to be by 2100 according to climate change forecasts. We also genotyped subfossil resting eggs to describe past shifts in Daphnia community structure that were induced by lake heating. Both approaches revealed a rapid replacement of indigenous D. longispina and D. cucullata by invader D. galeata immediately after the onset of heating, followed by a gradual recovery of the D. cucullata population. Our findings clearly indicate that, in response to global warming, community restructuring may occur faster than evolutionary adaptation. The eventual recolonisation by D. cucullata indicates that adaptation to novel conditions can be time-lagged, and suggests that the long-term consequences of ecosystem disturbance may differ from short-term observations

Podstawy rachunkowości według efektów kształcenia. Zbiór zadań

Z wprowadzenia: "Opracowanie „Podstawy rachunkowości według efektów kształcenia – zbiór zadań” powstało jako praktyczna pomoc, ułatwiająca zrozumienie zasad prowadzenia ksiąg rachunkowych oraz procedur sporządzania sprawozdań finansowych zgodnie z unormowaniami polskimi oraz Międzynarodowymi Standardami Sprawozdawczości Finansowej. W zbiorze zadań uwzględniono założone kierunkowe efekty kształcenia uzyskiwane przez studentów studiów pierwszego stopnia kierunku „Finanse i rachunkowość”. Efekty z zakresu wiedzy, umiejętności i kompetencji mieszczą się w dziedzinie nauk ekonomicznych, w obszarze nauk społecznych profi lu ogólnoakademickiego. Każda jednostka gospodarcza czy też instytucja działająca w Polsce zobligowana jest do prowadzenia ewidencji zdarzeń gospodarczych w oparciu o prawo bilansowe lub podatkowe, co wymaga poznania narzędzi rachunkowości i opanowania ich umiejętnego wykorzystania. W myśl prawa bilansowego (zgodnie z art. 4a ustawy o rachunkowości) za prawidłową organizację i prowadzenie ksiąg rachunkowych oraz wiarygodne dane zawarte w sprawozdaniach finansowych odpowiada kierownik jednostki oraz członkowie rady nadzorczej lub innego organu nadzorującego jednostki, którzy są w pełni odpowiedzialni za szkody wyrządzone działaniem lub zaniechaniem, stanowiącym naruszenie tego obowiązku. Aby sprostać tym wymogom, każda osoba zarządzająca powinna zdobyć umiejętności w zakresie określania polityki rachunkowości, zasad księgowania, sporządzania i analizowania sprawozdań finansowych – co jest przedmiotem rozważań w zakresie podstaw rachunkowości."(...

Autoclaved aerated concrete with an addition of waste from semi-dry flue gas desulfurization process – thermal stability and xrd investigations

The article presents the results of research on autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) produced according to the manufacturer recipe and modified AAC with the addition of waste from the semi-dry flue gas desulfurization installation. Produced cubes of concrete were analysed using thermogravimetry in a temperature regime of 0–1200°C in order to determine thermal stability. Samples were also tested using X-ray diffractometer to determine the differences in the content of tobermorite 1.1 nm, the compound which is responsible for the mechanical properties of tested concrete

Podstawy rachunkowości: zadania i testy

Z wprowadzenia: "Skrypt Podstawy rachunkowości. Zadania i testy ma służyć jako pomoc dydaktyczna, ułatwiająca zrozumienie zasad prowadzenia ksiąg rachunkowych i procedur sporządzania sprawozdań finansowych, zgodnie z unormowaniami polskimi oraz Międzynarodowymi Standardami Sprawozdawczości Finansowej. Umiejętność prowadzenia ksiąg rachunkowych jest przydatna tak pracownikom, jak i zarządzającym jednostkami gospodarczymi bez względu na ich rozmiar czy profil działalności. Zadania i testy obejmują procedury księgowe firm usługowych, handlowych oraz produkcyjnych. Każda jednostka gospodarcza czy też instytucja działająca w Polsce zobligowana jest do prowadzenia ewidencji zdarzeń gospodarczych w oparciu o prawo bilansowe lub podatkowe. Powoduje to potrzebę poznania narzędzi rachunkowości i ich umiejętnego wykorzystania przez kadry zarządzające oraz pozostałych pracowników przedsiębiorstw."(...

Czynniki ryzyka rozwoju migotania przedsionków, nie zawsze ciężkiej i nie zawsze izolowanej choroby serca

Dotychczas nie poznano dokładnych mechanizmów wpływających na powstanie migotania przedsionków (AF). Każdorazowo klinicysta musi sobie odpowiedzieć na pytanie, czy ma do czynienia z izolowanym AF czy wywołanym innymi zamaskowanymi zaburzeniami. Migotanie przedsionków ma bowiem silne związki epidemiologiczne z innymi chorobami sercowo-naczyniowymi, takimi jak niewydolność serca, choroba wieńcowa, wady zastawkowe, cukrzyca czy nadciśnienie tętnicze. W pracy omówiono tak zwane nowe czynniki ryzyka i mechanizmy, w wyniku których prowadzą one do powstania migotania przedsionków. Na podstawie najnowszych badań zaprezentowano obecny stan wiedzy o związku występowania AF z następującymi zaburzeniami: zespołem metabolicznym i jego składowymi, bezdechem sennym oraz procesem zapalnym. Opisano również niektóre aspekty wpływu stylu życia (spożycie alkoholu i aktywność fizyczna) na pojawianie się epizodów migotania przedsionków. (Folia Cardiologica Excerpta 2010; 5, 5: 285-291

Rachunkowość, finanse oraz metody ilościowe w zarządzaniu: wybrane problemy

Praca recenzowana / peer-reviewed pape

Why Are Outcomes Different for Registry Patients Enrolled Prospectively and Retrospectively? Insights from the Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF).

Background: Retrospective and prospective observational studies are designed to reflect real-world evidence on clinical practice, but can yield conflicting results. The GARFIELD-AF Registry includes both methods of enrolment and allows analysis of differences in patient characteristics and outcomes that may result. Methods and Results: Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and ≥1 risk factor for stroke at diagnosis of AF were recruited either retrospectively (n = 5069) or prospectively (n = 5501) from 19 countries and then followed prospectively. The retrospectively enrolled cohort comprised patients with established AF (for a least 6, and up to 24 months before enrolment), who were identified retrospectively (and baseline and partial follow-up data were collected from the emedical records) and then followed prospectively between 0-18 months (such that the total time of follow-up was 24 months; data collection Dec-2009 and Oct-2010). In the prospectively enrolled cohort, patients with newly diagnosed AF (≤6 weeks after diagnosis) were recruited between Mar-2010 and Oct-2011 and were followed for 24 months after enrolment. Differences between the cohorts were observed in clinical characteristics, including type of AF, stroke prevention strategies, and event rates. More patients in the retrospectively identified cohort received vitamin K antagonists (62.1% vs. 53.2%) and fewer received non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (1.8% vs . 4.2%). All-cause mortality rates per 100 person-years during the prospective follow-up (starting the first study visit up to 1 year) were significantly lower in the retrospective than prospectively identified cohort (3.04 [95% CI 2.51 to 3.67] vs . 4.05 [95% CI 3.53 to 4.63]; p = 0.016). Conclusions: Interpretations of data from registries that aim to evaluate the characteristics and outcomes of patients with AF must take account of differences in registry design and the impact of recall bias and survivorship bias that is incurred with retrospective enrolment. Clinical Trial Registration: - URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier for GARFIELD-AF (NCT01090362)

Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.

BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362