19 research outputs found

    Opportunities and challenges of the digitalization in sustainable smart agriculture on the example of plant production

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    Inteligentne rolnictwo (ang. smart farming, smart agriculture) to spos贸b rozwoju rolnictwa, kt贸ry k艂adzie nacisk na technologie informacyjne i komunikacyjne w maszynach, urz膮dzeniach i czujnikach, co pozwala nie tylko na zaawansowany technologicznie nadz贸r nad gospodarstwem, ale daje te偶 mo偶liwo艣膰 zdalnego sterowania procesami i pracami. Celem stosowania tzw. cyfryzacji jest optymalizacja i zwi臋kszenie jako艣ci produkcji, redukcja pracy ludzkiej, redukcja przemys艂owych 艣rodk贸w produkcji oraz zmniejszenie presji 艣rodowiskowej. Przewiduje si臋, 偶e innowacyjne technologie tj. Internet Rzeczy (IoT), technologie satelitarne, przetwarzanie w chmurze czy sztuczna inteligencja przyczyni膮 si臋 do rozwoju rolnictwa, a tak偶e b臋d膮 sprzyja膰 bezpiecze艅stwu 偶ywno艣ci i ogranicz膮 zmiany klimatyczne. Zastosowanie nowych technologii budzi r贸wnie偶 pewne obawy oraz stawia nowe wyzwania rolnikom. W niniejszym artykule opisano narz臋dzia i urz膮dzenia wykorzystywane w inteligentnym rolnictwie, mo偶liwo艣ci ich zastosowania, a tak偶e przewidywane wyzwania, kt贸re pojawiaj膮 si臋 przy 艂膮czeniu innowacyjnych technologii z konwencjonaln膮 dzia艂alno艣ci膮 rolnicz膮.Smart farming, or smart agriculture, is a way of agricultural development that emphasizes information and communication technologies in networked machinery, equipment and sensors, allowing not only high-tech farm supervision, but also remote control of processes. The goal is to optimize and increase production quality and reduce human labor. Innovative technologies, i.e. the Internet of Things (IoT), cloud computing and artificial intelligence, are expected to inspire growth, as well as confront current difficulties, i.e. food security and climate change. The use of new technologies also raises some concerns and poses new challenges for farms. This article describes the tools and equipment used in intelligent agriculture, the possibilities for their application, as well as the anticipated challenges that arise when combining innovative technologies with conventional farming operations

    Characteristics of folates and processes that shape the content of folates and folic acid in plant and animal products and their importance in human nutrition

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    Kwas foliowy odgrywa kluczow膮 rol臋 w cyklu metylacji oraz biosyntezie DNA. Niedob贸r folian贸w w diecie mo偶e prowadzi膰 do wielu zaburze艅 tj. niedokrwisto艣ci czy zmniejszenia biosyntezy kom贸rek w szpiku kostnym. Wskazuje si臋 na niedobory kwasu foliowego w聽znacznej cz臋艣ci liczby ludno艣ci w krajach rozwini臋tych, nawet tam, gdzie wyst臋puje suplementacja 偶ywno艣ci kwasem foliowym, tym samym bardzo istotn膮 kwesti膮 jest 艣wiadomo艣膰 biodost臋pno艣ci i retencji kwasu foliowego w 偶ywno艣ci. Mimo tego, 偶e foliany wyst臋puje w聽wielu surowcach, jego biodost臋pno艣膰 i zawarto艣膰 w produktach gotowych do spo偶ycia jest zale偶na od wielu czynnik贸w i wp艂ywa na efekt od偶ywienia. Niniejszy artyku艂 jest opracowaniem wskazuj膮cym na kluczowe 藕r贸d艂a folian贸w, jego biodost臋pno艣膰, rol臋 w聽organizmie cz艂owieka, a tak偶e skutki niedoboru.Folic acid plays a key role in the methylation cycle and in DNA biosynthesis. A deficiency of folic acid in the diet can lead to many disorders, such as anemia or reduced biosynthesis of cells in the bone marrow. There is good evidence of folic acid deficiency in a large proportion of the population in developed countries, even where folate supplementation occurs, so it is very important to be aware of the bioavailability and retention of folic acid in food. Despite the fact that folic acid is present in many raw materials, its bioavailability and content in ready-to-eat products depends on many factors and affects the nutritional effect. This article is a study indicating the key sources of folic acid, its bioavailability, role in the human body, and the effects of deficiency

    The Analysis of Nutritional Habits of the Third Age Students in Pozna艅

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    In recent years have seen increasing percentage of the elderly in the overall population. This has driven the attention to the lifestyle factors that influence the health and quality of life of this social group, including their nutrition and physical activity. Universities of the Third Age (U3A) are a valuable platform for the dissemination and broadening of the knowledge related to these topics. The nutritional habits of 61 U3A students in Pozna艅 were evaluated on the basis of a modified KomPAN questionnaire. Their nutritional status was determined using the body mass index (BMI) and waist to hip ratio (WHR) indices. Nearly half of the respondents were overweight and 16% had first degree obesity. The WHR index in women was on average 0.8, while in men it was 1.01. Only 13% of the students declared regular eating, with 60% consuming 4-5 meals a day. Women were found to eat snacks between meals more often than men. It was also found that the majority of the elderly do not add salt to ready meals or sweeten beverages with sugars. Taking into account the observed nutritional problems and the occurrence of improper eating habits of the elderly, it is recommended to continue the education on the prevention of common diet-related diseased

    Properties of bird cherry (Prunus) obtained from the forest ecosystem

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    Czeremcha (Prunus) jest ro艣lin膮 ozdobn膮 w parkach i ogrodach. W Europie w XX wieku czeremcha zosta艂a introdukowana na tereny le艣ne z uwagi na ochron臋 przed wiatrem i ogniem, zw艂aszcza las贸w iglastych, a tak偶e w celu pr贸by odwr贸cenia niekorzystnego stosunku w臋gla do azotu dzi臋ki opadowi li艣ci, kt贸re maj膮 wp艂yw na procesy glebowe. Obecnie czeremcha stanowi problem, poniewa偶 jest ro艣lin膮 wysoce ekspansywn膮 i zaburza r贸wnowag臋 le艣n膮. Czeremcha ma jadalne owoce z gorzkawym posmakiem. Suszone owoce wykorzystywane s膮 jako sk艂adnik nalewek i przyprawa do potraw mi臋snych i ciast, a w medycynie ludowej uznawana by艂a tak偶e za ro艣lin臋 lecznicz膮. Surowcem zielarskim jest r贸wnie偶 jej kora pozyskiwana z m艂odych ga艂膮zek razem z p膮kami li艣ciowymi. W literaturze przedmiotu nie ma jednak obszerniejszych in-formacji na temat wykorzystania czeremchy. Preparaty z owoc贸w, li艣ci czy kory tej ro艣liny nie znalaz艂y szerokiego zastosowania jako sk艂adniki 偶ywno艣ci, gdy偶 nie do ko艅ca znane jest ich dzia艂anie. Z uwagi na zasi臋g wyst臋powania czeremchy na terenie polskich las贸w, park贸w, 艂膮k i ogrod贸w oraz jej znikome wykorzystanie w przemy艣le spo偶ywczym czy farmaceutycznym, zasadne jest ukierunkowanie zagospodarowania owoc贸w, li艣ci i kory czeremchy wskazuj膮c na ich dzia艂ania funkcjonalne.Bird cherry (Prunus padus L.) and American bird cherry (Prunus serotina) are used as ornamental plants in parks and gardens. In Europe in the twentieth century, bird cherry was introduced to the forest areas due to protection against wind and fire, especially in coniferous forests, as well as to try to reverse the unfavorable carbon-nitrogen ratio due to leaf fall affecting soil processes. Currently, bird cherry is a problem because it is a highly expansive plant and disturbs the forest balance. Bird cherry has edible fruit with a bitter aftertaste. Currently, dried fruit is used as an ingredient in tinctures and dumplings and in folk medicine it was also considered a medicinal plant. The herb raw material is also bird cherry bark obtained from young twigs, together with leaf buds. However, this is limited information on the use of bird cherry. At pre-sent, preparations made of both fruit and leaves or bark of this plant have not found wide application as food ingredients. The effects of the ingredients they contain are not fully known. There is also no unambiguous information about benefi-cial compounds. Due to the extent of bird cherry occurrence in Polish forests, parks, meadows and gardens, and its insignificant use in industry, it is reasonable to indicate and direct the development of not only fruit, but also leaves and black cherry bark indicating their functional activities

    Shell of table eggs: nutritional value and functional properties

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    Produkcja jaj kurzych na poziomie przemys艂owym prowadzi do powstania znacznej ilo艣ci pozosta艂o艣ci skorup, kt贸re najcz臋艣ciej stanowi膮 odpady produkcyjne. Skorupy jaj konsumpcyjnych niejednokrotnie uwa偶ane s膮 za nieekonomiczny produkt uboczny b膮d藕 odpad, pomimo tego 偶e stanowi膮 藕r贸d艂o sk艂adnik贸w mineralnych, maj膮cych znaczenie w 偶ywieniu ludzi, jak i zwierz膮t. W pracy przedstawiono potencja艂 i mo偶liwo艣ci wykorzystania skorupy jaj jako 藕r贸d艂a sk艂adnik贸w mineralnych. Skorupy charakteryzuj膮 si臋 wysok膮 zawarto艣ci膮 wapnia, ale zawieraj膮 tak偶e bor, chrom, mangan, mied藕, jod, 偶elazo, siark臋, cynk, selen oraz krzem i jednocze艣nie zawieraj膮 niski poziom metali ci臋偶kich. Odpowiednio rozdrobnione skorupy jaj mog膮 stanowi膰 jedno z najlepszych 藕r贸de艂 wapnia w 偶ywieniu ludzi jak i zwierz膮t, cechuj膮cego si臋 ponad 90% przyswajalno艣ci膮.The production of chicken eggs at the industrial level leads to a significant amount of shell residue, which most often constitutes production waste. In general, consumer egg shells are considered to have no economic value, despite the fact that they are rich in minerals that could provide an alternative to synthetic dietary supplements. This paper reviews information on the possibilities of egg shells management. A wide range of possibilities for the processing and use of eggshells as a source of minerals and a raw material with functional properties was demonstrated. Shells are characterized by a high content of calcium, but also contain boron, chromium, manganese, copper, iodine, iron, sulfur, zinc, selenium and silicon, while a low content of heavy metals. Properly crushed shells are considered one of the best sources of calcium for humans and animals, with a bioavailability of more than 90%

    Nutritional and functional properties of beet (beta vulgaris L. subsp. Vulgaris)

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    Burak 膰wik艂owy (Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris) to grupa jednorocznych, dwuletnich i trwa艂ych odmian uprawnych. W Polsce uprawianych jest ponad 50 odmian buraka 膰wik艂owego, a jego produkcja si臋ga 240 tys. ton. Buraki s膮 dobrym 藕r贸d艂em w臋glowodan贸w, s膮 tak偶e ubogie w t艂uszcz, dzi臋ki czemu jest to warzywo niskokaloryczne. Co wi臋cej, s膮 藕r贸d艂em sk艂adnik贸w mineralnych i witamin, tj. potasu, magnezu, folian贸w oraz zwi膮zk贸w bioaktywnych, takich jak betalainy czy flawonoidy. Dzi臋ki obecno艣ci fitozwi膮zk贸w buraki posiadaj膮 naturalne w艂a艣ciwo艣ci przeciwanemiczne, przeciwzapalne, przeciwnadci艣nieniowe, przeciwutleniaj膮ce, przeciwnowotworowe, przeciwgor膮czkowe, przeciwbakteryjne, odtruwaj膮ce i moczop臋dne.Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris) belong to the group of annual, biennial and durable cultivars. In Poland, over 50 varieties of beetroot are cultivated, and its production reaches 240,000 tons. The deficiencies are good supporting action, they are low in fats, making it a low-calorie vegetable. What's more, they are a source of minerals and vitamins, i.e. potassium, magnesium, folates, and bioactive substances, i.e. betalains, flavonoids. Because of phytochemicals content, beetroot have natural anti-anemic, anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertensive, antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-pyretic, anti-bacterial, detoxifying and diuretic properties

    The possibility of utilizing the shoots of various coniferous trees as a raw material for functional food production

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    Drzewa iglaste od dawna stosowane s膮 jako 藕r贸d艂o zwi膮zk贸w o potencjale terapeutycznym, prozdorowotnym, a tak偶e jako surowce zawieraj膮ce charakterystyczne substancje zapachowe i smakowe. Obecnie jednak, poza kor膮, r贸偶ne cz臋艣ci drzew iglastych nie znajduj膮 zastosowania w wielu ga艂臋ziach przemys艂u. P臋dy s膮 prawie nieobecne jako sk艂adnik 偶ywno艣ci oraz kosmetyk贸w i innych produkt贸w prozdrowotnych, pomimo ich szerokiej dost臋pno艣ci, niskiej ceny i mo偶liwo艣ci ekologicznego ich pozyskania. Celem pracy by艂a ewaluacja ekstrakt贸w wodnych z utrwalonych przez liofilizacj臋 p臋d贸w wybranych drzew iglastych tj. 艣wierk pospolity (PA), modrzew europejski (LD), daglezja zielona (PM) i ja艂owiec pospolity (JC) jako 藕r贸d艂a zwi膮zk贸w bioaktywnych i aktywno艣ci przeciwutleniaj膮cej. Przeprowadzone analizy wykaza艂y, 偶e wszystkie z badanych ekstrakt贸w cechowa艂y si臋 zawarto艣ci膮 zwi膮zk贸w bioaktywnych o aktywno艣ci przeciwutleniaj膮cej. Najwi臋ksz膮 zawarto艣ci膮 badanych zwi膮zk贸w fenolowych cechowa艂 si臋 ekstrakt PA (19750 碌g/g s.m), nast臋pnie JC (12139 碌g/g s.m), LD (11553 碌g/g s.m), a najni偶sz膮 PM (10489 碌g/g s.m), z kolei w badaniu og贸lnej zawarto艣ci fenoli, najwy偶szy wynik uzyska艂y ekstrakty LD i PA, aczkolwiek mimo ni偶szej zawarto艣ci badanych sk艂adnik贸w bioaktywnych, najwi臋ksz膮 zdolno艣ci膮 do hamowania wolnych rodnik贸w DPPH cechowa艂y si臋 ekstrakty JC i PM.Coniferous trees have long been used as a source of compounds with therapeutic and health-promoting potential, as well as raw materials containing characteristic aroma and flavor substances. Today, however, except for the bark, various parts of coniferous trees are not used in many industries. Shoots are almost absent as an ingredient in food as well as cosmetics and other health-promoting products, despite their wide availability, low price and the possibility of obtaining them organically. The aim of this study was to evaluate aqueous extracts from freeze-fixed shoots of selected conifers, i.e. european spruce (PA), european larch (LD), douglas fir (PM) and common juniper (JC), as a source of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity. The analysis showed that all of the tested extracts were characterized by the content of bioactive compounds with antioxidant activity. The PA extract had the highest content of tested phenolic acids (19750 碌g/g d.w), followed by JC (12139 碌g/g d.w), LD (11553 碌g/g d.w), and the lowest PM (10489 碌g/g d.w), while in terms of total flavonoid content, LD and PA extracts had the highest result, although despite the lower content of tested bioactive components, JC and PM extracts had the highest ability to inhibit DPPH free radicals

    Cultivation of szparaga (Asparagus officinalis L.) as raw material with functional properties. Part 2. Nutritional characteristics

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    Szparag (Asparagus officinalis L.) jest warzywem, kt贸re dzi臋ki obecno艣ci wielu sk艂adnik贸w mineralnych, witamin oraz zwi膮zk贸w biologicznie czynnych ma znaczenie zdrowotne dla organizmu cz艂owieka. Jest to warzywo niskokaloryczne o w艂a艣ciwo艣ciach zasadotw贸rczych. Celem pracy by艂o om贸wienie g艂贸wnych grup zwi膮zk贸w determinuj膮cych w艂a艣ciwo艣ci prozdrowotne szparag贸w. Przedstawiono w jaki spos贸b spo偶ycie warzyw mo偶e wp艂yn膮膰 na zdrowie cz艂owieka i scharakteryzowano jego warto艣膰 od偶ywcz膮. Szparagi w diecie mog膮 by膰 藕r贸d艂em wielu sk艂adnik贸w funkcjonalnych nie wp艂ywaj膮c jednocze艣nie na kaloryczno艣膰 posi艂k贸w.Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) is a vegetable that thanks to the presence of many minerals, vitamins and biologically active compounds can have health significance for the human body. It is a low-calorie vegetable with alkaline proper-ties. The aim of the work was to discuss the main groups of compounds determining the pro-health properties of aspara-gus. It shows how vegetable consumption can affect health and characterize its nutritional value. Asparagus in the diet can be a donor of many functional ingredients without affecting the calorific value of meals

    Ocena zawarto艣ci polifenoli oraz potencja艂u przeciwutleniaj膮cego w popularnych na rynku owocach suszonych

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    Dried fruits are available to consumers all year round. Their regular consumption may contribute to the improvement of health and reduce the development of many diet-related diseases. The aim of the study was to determine the content of to-tal polyphenols, the ability to scavenge the DPPH radical, ABTS cation radical and the ability to chelate iron (II) ions in selected dried fruits available and consumed in Poland. It was found that dried fruit shows the ability to inactivate the DPPH radical and the ABTS cation, and also have chelating properties. It was shown that the content of polyphenols in the tested dried fruits was varied, however, the highest content of phenolic compounds and anti-radical activity were cha-racteristic of dried strawberries. The obtained results indicate that, thanks to the anti-free radical properties, the con-sumption of dried fruit may play an important role in the nutrition of health-conscious people.Owoce suszone s膮 dost臋pne dla konsument贸w przez ca艂y rok. Ich regularne spo偶ywanie mo偶e wp艂yn膮膰 na popraw臋 zdrowia cz艂owieka oraz na ograniczenie rozwoju wielu chor贸b dietozale偶nych. Celem pracy by艂o oznaczenie zawarto艣ci polifenoli og贸艂em, zdolno艣ci do zmiatania rodnika DPPH, kationorodnika ABTS oraz zdolno艣ci do chelatowania jon贸w 偶elaza (II)w wybranych suszonych owocach dost臋pnych i spo偶ywanych w Polsce. Stwierdzono, 偶e suszone owoce wykazuj膮 zdolno艣膰 do dezaktywacji rodnika DPPH oraz kationorodnika ABTS, a tak偶e maj膮 w艂a艣ciwo艣ci chelatuj膮ce. Wykazano, 偶e zawarto艣膰 polifenoli w badanych owocach suszonych by艂a na zr贸偶nicowanym poziomie, jednak najwy偶sz膮 zawarto艣ci膮 zwi膮zk贸w fenolowych i aktywno艣ci膮 antyrodnikow膮 charakteryzowa艂y si臋 suszone truskawki. Uzyskane wyniki wskazuj膮, 偶e dzi臋ki w艂a艣ciwo艣ciom antyrodnikowym spo偶ywanie suszonych owoc贸w mo偶e odgrywa膰 istotn膮 rol臋 w 偶ywieniu os贸b dbaj膮cych o zdrowie

    Can cornelian cherry mask bitter taste of probiotic chocolate? Human TAS2R receptors and a sensory study with comprehensive characterisation of new functional product.

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    Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) fruits are a valuable source of bioactive compounds that are responsible for the perception of bitter taste of chocolate products. The aim of the study was to validate the inhibitory effect of Cornus mas on the TAS2R3 and TAS2R13 bitter taste receptors and to assess the effect of masking the bitter taste of dark chocolate with the help of the sensory panel. Dark chocolate was prepared with an addition of 5% of freeze-dried cornelian cherry fruits and 108 CFU/g of Bacillus coagulans probiotic strains. Effect on the TAS2R receptors was evaluated in specially transfected HEK293T cells, and the inhibition ratio was measured using the calcium release test. Moreover, the total polyphenol content, antioxidant activity and simulated intestinal in vitro digestion were determined for the samples. The tested chocolate products were rich in chlorogenic, caffeic and sinapic acids. The addition of cornelian cherry positively affected the antioxidant activity. The phytochemicals of Cornus mas decreased the TAS2R13 activity by 132% after a 2-minute interaction and, % at the same time, inhibited the TAS2R3 activity by 11.5. Meanwhile, chocolate with the addition of fruit was less bitter according to the sensory panel
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