4 research outputs found

    Internal aerodynamic study of Miller cycle gasoline engines

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    Le cycle de Miller est utilisĂ© pour amĂ©liorer le rendement par dĂ©tente prolongĂ©e. Celle-ci Ă©tant rĂ©alisĂ©e en diminuant le taux de compression effectif par fermeture prĂ©maturĂ©e des soupapes d’admission. Le mouvement aĂ©rodynamique, interne aux cylindres, cesse donc d’ĂȘtre entretenu avant que le piston n’atteigne le point mort bas. Or, ce mouvement est essentiel au fonctionnement d’un moteur. Il permet tout d’abord d’effectuer un bon mĂ©lange entre l’air et l’essence puis d’accĂ©lĂ©rer la phase de combustion par gĂ©nĂ©ration de turbulence. Une premiĂšre partie de la thĂšse a Ă©tĂ© consacrĂ©e Ă  l’estimation des bĂ©nĂ©fices apportĂ©s par l’utilisation d’un cycle de Miller. Cette Ă©tude a Ă©tĂ© menĂ©e en modĂ©lisant le cycle par une approche zĂ©ro dimensionnelle. Un modĂšle complet, prenant en compte l’aĂ©rodynamique interne et son effet sur la phase de combustion, a donc Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©. Il a permis de montrer que le cycle de Miller est plus efficace que le cycle d’Otto. Une deuxiĂšme partie Ă©tĂ© consacrĂ©e au montage d’un banc moteur Ă  cylindre transparent. Il a Ă©tĂ© muni d’un systĂšme de mesure de champs de vitesses par vĂ©locimĂ©trie laser (Dual-PIV) qui a la particularitĂ© de pouvoir mesurer deux champs de vitesses par cycle moteur tout en conservant le nombre de cycles important pouvant ĂȘtre observĂ©s par les systĂšmes classiques. Il permet Ă©galement d’avoir le lien temporel entre deux champs instantanĂ©s d’un mĂȘme cycle. Les essais ont ensuite Ă©tĂ© menĂ©s afin d’observer l’effet d’un dĂ©calage temporel et d’une asymĂ©trie de la loi de levĂ©e des soupapes d’admission sur l’écoulement.The Miller cycle is used to improve efficiency by prolonged expansion. This is achieved by reducing the effective compression ratio by closing the intake valves prematurely. The aerodynamic movement, internal to the cylinders, ceases to be maintained before the piston reaches bottom dead center. However, this movement is essential to the operation of an engine. It allows first of all to make a good mixture between the air and the gasoline and then to accelerate the combustion phase by generating turbulence.A first part of the thesis was devoted to the estimation of the benefits of using a Miller cycle. This study was conducted by modeling the cycle by a zero dimensional approach. A complete model, taking into account the internal aerodynamics and its effect on the combustion phase, has been realized. It allowed to show that the Miller cycle is more efficient than the Otto cycle.A second part was devoted to the assembly of a transparent engine test bench. It was equipped with a system of measurement of velocity fields by laser velocimetry (Dual-PIV) which can measure two velocity fields by engine cycle while preserving the number of important cycles which can be observed by the traditional systems. It also allows to have the temporal link between two instantaneous fields of the same cycle. The tests were then carried out in order to observe the effect of a temporal shift and an asymmetry of the intake valve lift on the flow

    Étude de l'aĂ©rodynamique interne des moteurs essence Ă  cycle de Miller

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    The Miller cycle is used to improve efficiency by prolonged expansion. This is achieved by reducing the effective compression ratio by closing the intake valves prematurely. The aerodynamic movement, internal to the cylinders, ceases to be maintained before the piston reaches bottom dead center. However, this movement is essential to the operation of an engine. It allows first of all to make a good mixture between the air and the gasoline and then to accelerate the combustion phase by generating turbulence.A first part of the thesis was devoted to the estimation of the benefits of using a Miller cycle. This study was conducted by modeling the cycle by a zero dimensional approach. A complete model, taking into account the internal aerodynamics and its effect on the combustion phase, has been realized. It allowed to show that the Miller cycle is more efficient than the Otto cycle.A second part was devoted to the assembly of a transparent engine test bench. It was equipped with a system of measurement of velocity fields by laser velocimetry (Dual-PIV) which can measure two velocity fields by engine cycle while preserving the number of important cycles which can be observed by the traditional systems. It also allows to have the temporal link between two instantaneous fields of the same cycle. The tests were then carried out in order to observe the effect of a temporal shift and an asymmetry of the intake valve lift on the flow.Le cycle de Miller est utilisĂ© pour amĂ©liorer le rendement par dĂ©tente prolongĂ©e. Celle-ci Ă©tant rĂ©alisĂ©e en diminuant le taux de compression effectif par fermeture prĂ©maturĂ©e des soupapes d’admission. Le mouvement aĂ©rodynamique, interne aux cylindres, cesse donc d’ĂȘtre entretenu avant que le piston n’atteigne le point mort bas. Or, ce mouvement est essentiel au fonctionnement d’un moteur. Il permet tout d’abord d’effectuer un bon mĂ©lange entre l’air et l’essence puis d’accĂ©lĂ©rer la phase de combustion par gĂ©nĂ©ration de turbulence. Une premiĂšre partie de la thĂšse a Ă©tĂ© consacrĂ©e Ă  l’estimation des bĂ©nĂ©fices apportĂ©s par l’utilisation d’un cycle de Miller. Cette Ă©tude a Ă©tĂ© menĂ©e en modĂ©lisant le cycle par une approche zĂ©ro dimensionnelle. Un modĂšle complet, prenant en compte l’aĂ©rodynamique interne et son effet sur la phase de combustion, a donc Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©. Il a permis de montrer que le cycle de Miller est plus efficace que le cycle d’Otto. Une deuxiĂšme partie Ă©tĂ© consacrĂ©e au montage d’un banc moteur Ă  cylindre transparent. Il a Ă©tĂ© muni d’un systĂšme de mesure de champs de vitesses par vĂ©locimĂ©trie laser (Dual-PIV) qui a la particularitĂ© de pouvoir mesurer deux champs de vitesses par cycle moteur tout en conservant le nombre de cycles important pouvant ĂȘtre observĂ©s par les systĂšmes classiques. Il permet Ă©galement d’avoir le lien temporel entre deux champs instantanĂ©s d’un mĂȘme cycle. Les essais ont ensuite Ă©tĂ© menĂ©s afin d’observer l’effet d’un dĂ©calage temporel et d’une asymĂ©trie de la loi de levĂ©e des soupapes d’admission sur l’écoulement

    Investigation of the Aerodynamic Performance of the Miller Cycle from Transparent Engine Experiments and CFD Simulations

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    This paper assesses the effect of the Miller cycle upon the internal aerodynamics of a motored transparent spark ignition engine via CFD simulation and particle image velocimetry. Since the transparent Miller engine does not allow for measurements in the roof of the combustion chamber, the extraction of information regarding the aerodynamic phenomena occurring here is based on CFD simulation, i.e., the results of the CFD simulation are used to allow for the extrapolation of the experimental data; thus, they are used to complete the picture regarding the aerodynamic phenomena occurring inside the whole cylinder. The results indicate that implementing the early intake valve closing strategy to obtain the Miller cycle has a negative impact on the mean kinetic energy, turbulent kinetic energy, and fluctuating velocity toward the end of the compression stroke, thus affecting, the combustion process. This supports the need to intensify the internal aerodynamics when applying the Miller cycle such that the turbulence degradation is not too big and, consequently, to still gain efficiency in the Miller cycle

    Asian-Pacific clinical practice guidelines on the management of hepatitis B: a 2015 update

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