Nanobiotechnology solutions against aedes aegypti

United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)/United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)/World Bank/World Health Organization (WHO) implemented the Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR) program with excellent results; however, due to current challenges, this active program requires new and innovative solutions. Nowadays, Aedes aegyptis-borne diseases can be added among neglected diseases. Surveillance and control must be considered owing to a great risk of infection with dengue, chikungunya and zika viruses. Although investigations on several vaccines are in progress, new insights in term of development of drugs that evade from resistance are of paramount importance. Nanobiotechnology appears as one of the most innovative strategy in the search of new uses for old pharmaceuticals or in the development of innovative and intelligent nanomedicines for neglected diseases. Liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, polymeric nanoparticles, metallic nanoparticles, quantum dots, carbon dots and carbon nanotubes were the focus of the current advances. In this direction, we have focused this overview on new advances in diagnostic assays as nanobiosensors, antivirus and nanoinsecticides on Aedes aegyptis control27711391149CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESPSem informaçãoSem informaçã

Trypanosoma rangeli: a new perspective for studying the modulation of immune reactions of Rhodnius prolixus

Insects are exposed to a wide range of microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, parasites and viruses) and have interconnected powerful immune reactions. Although insects lack an acquired immune system they have well-developed innate immune defences that allow a general and rapid response to infectious agents

TECHNICAL ACADEMIC PROCEDURE TO FOLLOW WHEN IT IS PRETENDED TO OBTAIN THE MANAGERIAL REACTIVATION IN MIPYMES

The objective of this work is to transmit the academic-technician procedures to continue when it is expected to determine the Mipymes’ Managerial Reactivation. The successful and model case in the Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira developed by the Industrial Engineering faculty to supported enterprises Financially by the INFIDER “Financial Institute for the development of Risaralda” achieved to consolidate the growth and permanency of them through time, generating initially and on the way new employments in short term. Framed vision inside the National government policies

TECHNICAL ACADEMIC PROCEDURE TO FOLLOW WHEN IT IS PRETENDED TO OBTAIN THE MANAGERIAL REACTIVATION IN MIPYMES

The objective of this work is to transmit the academic-technician procedures to continue when it is expected to determine the Mipymes’ Managerial Reactivation. The successful and model case in the Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira developed by the Industrial Engineering faculty to supported enterprises Financially by the INFIDER “Financial Institute for the development of Risaralda” achieved to consolidate the growth and permanency of them through time, generating initially and on the way new employments in short term. Framed vision inside the National government policies

Treatment with Enterococcus faecalis CECT7121 Is Not Effective as Therapy in Mice with an Established Allergy Status

In allergies, an unbalanced immune response towards a T helper (Th) 2 profile with high levels of Immunoglobulin (Ig) E is produced. We have demonstrated that the pre-administration of Enterococcus faecalis CECT7121 prevents the development of allergy in ovalbumin-immunized mice. In this work, we evaluated whether this bacterium can also revert an established allergic status. Mice were immunized with ovalbumin (OVA) and after that, were inoculated with an E. faecalis CECT7121 suspension. In immunized animals, serum specific immune response, proliferative activity of memory splenocytes, and levels of Th2 cytokines were assessed. The in vivo active cutaneous anaphylaxis test was also performed. The treatment with E. faecalis CECT7121 only increased anti-OVA IgG2a levels. No differences were observed in other specific immunological parameters. Probiotic-treatment did not prove to have any desensitizing effect on mice. These results, together with those recently published, can be concluded that this bacterium would not be appropriate for the treatment of allergic symptoms.Facultad de Ciencias Médicas (FCM

Metodología basada en modelos Dea Semiparamétricos para el análisis del funcionamiento de parques eólicos

147 p.En este trabajo se realiza una propuesta metodológica que consta de cuatro pasos y está enfocada en el análisis de parques eólicos en funcionamiento, con el fin de conocer los componentes que afectan su desempeño. En esta metodología se modifica el modelo DEA/BCC con orientación a las salidas, en la que se utiliza una entrada y una salida, siendo éstas la velocidad del viento [m/s] y la potencia generada [kW], respectivamente. En este modelo se introduce la curva de producción propuesta por los fabricantes de turbinas eólicas. De esta forma, el modelo DEA/BCC con orientación a las salidas tradicional es transformado en un modelo semiparamétrico, porque se introduce el parámetro asociado a la salida utilizada. Al hacer esto, se logra que las puntuaciones de eficiencia se realicen respecto a la generación de potencia esperada y no respecto a las mejores prácticas presentes en la muestra. En el primer paso de la metodología se segrega la curva de producción de turbinas eólicas en tres divisiones, según su velocidad de arranque, velocidad nominal y velocidad de parada. Esto se hace para estimar la curva de potencia esperada y para semiparametrizar el modelo DEA/BCC con orientación a las salidas. En el segundo paso se comprueba que los datos sean los adecuados para la aplicación de la metodología, por lo que es necesario extraer los datos atípicos causados por el efecto estela y la inercia de las turbinas al girar. Además, mediante un análisis de clustering se aumenta la homogeneidad de la muestra analizada. Posterior al tratamiento de los datos, éstos se aplican al modelo DEA/BCC semiparamétrico obtenido en el paso uno, en el paso tres. Finalmente, en el último paso de la metodología, se utilizan las puntuaciones de eficiencia obtenidas como variable dependiente del análisis de regresión truncada con respecto a variables medioambientales. Esto se realiza con el fin de analizar el impacto de las variables medioambientales en el desempeño de parques eólicos. Estas variables exógenas corresponden a la dirección del viento que incide en el parque eólico, medida en grados, la temperatura (°C) y la presión atmosférica (Pa). Se obtienen conclusiones que podrían ser aplicadas en la etapa de planificación de parques eólicos. La dirección del viento influye de distinta forma en los dos parques eólicos analizados, lo que podría atribuirse a la distribución de las turbinas eólicas. Se sugiere que los sitios donde se instalen parques eólicos tengan bajas temperaturas, y altas presiones atmosféricas, para favorecer el desempeño de los parques, debido a que esto provoca un aumento en la potencia incidente en las turbinas. Palabras Claves: Parques Eólicos, DEA, Análisis de Eficiencia, Clustering, Inferencia Estadística./ABSTRACT: In this thesis is developed a methodology that consists of four steps and is focused on the analysis of wind farms in operation, in order to know the components that affect their performance. This methodology modifies the DEA/BCC model outputs orientation, in which is used one input and one output. These variables are the wind speed [m/s] and the generated power [kW], respectively. In the modified model is introduced the production curve given by the manufacturers of wind turbines. Thus, the traditional DEA/BCC model outputs orientation is transformed into a semiparametric model, because the parameter associated with the output is introduced in the model. With this transformation, it is possible to estimate the efficiency scores regarding the expected power generation and do not regard to the best practices in the sample. In the first step of the methodology is secreted the production curve of wind turbines in three divisions, depending on the start up speed, the rated speed and the stall speed. This segregation is made to estimate the expected power curve in order to make the semiparametric DEA/BCC model. In the second step is tested that the data are adequate for the application of the methodology, this requires removing outliers caused by the wake effect and the moment of inertia of the turbine rotation. Additionally, a clustering analysis is applied in order to increase the homogeneity of the sample. After treatment of the data, in the third step of the methodology the data are applied to the DEA/BCC semiparametric model obtained in step one. Finally, in the last step of the methodology, the efficiency scores are used as the dependent variable of a truncated normal regression with respect to environmental variables. This is done in order to analyze the impact of environmental variables on the wind farms performance. These variables correspond to the wind direction cut into the wind farms, measured in degrees, the temperature (°C) and atmospheric pressure (Pa). Conclusions are focused on the planning stage of wind farms. Wind direction influences differently in the two wind farms analyzed, which could be attributed to the distribution of wind turbines. It is suggested that the sites where wind farms are installed with low temperatures and high atmospheric pressure to favor the performance of the farms, because it causes an increase in the incident power in the turbines. Keywords: Wind Farms, DEA, Efficiency Analysis, Clustering, Statistical Inference

Detección de células secretoras de anticuerpos totales y específicas de rotavirus en adultos sanos

Antibodies (Ab) play a critical role in the immune response against rotavirus (RV). Protector Ab, are produced by antibody secreting cells (ASC). The capacity to detect ASC becomes fundamental in process like antiviral response analysis and vaccination testing. Here, we analyzed the frequency and isotype of total and RV-specific ASC by ELISPOT (functional assay) and flow cytometry (FC) in healthy adults using CD38and CD27 like ASC markers. In each million of peripherals blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), approximately 2,550 totals ASC were detected. IgA was the isotype preferentially expressed for circulating ASC followed by IgG and IgM with 63%, 29.4% and 7.6% of total ASC respectively. Paired analysis of immunomagnetic sorting, ELISPOT and FC shown that 85% and 90% of total ASC expressed CD38 and CD27 respectively. CD38 and CD27 ASC enrichment population were used to detect RV-specific ASC. None to 40 ASC per million of PBMC were detected by ELISPOT and FC and more interesting yet, a high correlation were found in the frequency of RV-specific ASC detected by both methods. This mixture assay can be used in the evaluation of new RV vaccines.Ya que los anticuerpos (Ac) son uno de los principales mecanismos de defensa contra la infección por rotavirus (RV), la capacidad de identificar a las células que secretan anticuerpos (CSA) totales y RV específicos es fundamental para procesos como el análisis de la respuesta inmune antiviral y la evaluación de nuevas vacunas. Aquí, se analiza por ELISPOT (ensayo funcional) y citometría de flujo (CF ensayo fenotípico) la frecuencia e isotipo de CSA totales y RV específicas en adultos sanos, usando células mononucleares de sangre periférica totales (CMSP) y a las moléculas CD38 y CD27 como marcadores para enriquecer en CSA. Por cada millón de CMSP, aproximadamente 2,550 células producían Ac totales. La IgA fue el isotipo más frecuente, seguido de la IgG e IgM, con el 63%, 29.4% y 7.6% respectivamente. El análisis combinado del ELISPOT y la CF mostró que el 85% de las CSA expresaron CD38 y el 90% de ellas expresaron CD27. Una alta y significativa correlación entre las CSA detectadas por el ensayo funcional y el fenotípico fue encontrada cuando estos ensayos se realizaron en las poblaciones purificadas con CD38 y CD27. Con el enriquecimiento de CSA usando al CD38 y CD27, se logró además detectar CSA RV específicas que se encuentran en circulación en tan baja frecuencia como 0 a 40 CSA-RV por millón de CMSP. Para las células RV específicas, también una buena correlación fue encontrada entre el ELISPOT y la CF. A pesar de su muy baja frecuencia, CSA antígeno específicas pueden ser detectadas en circulación de voluntarios sanos. Este acercamiento puede ser usado en la evaluación de vacunas, que para el caso particular del RV son necesarias mejorar