Risk factors for hemoptysis complicating 17-18 gauge CT-guided transthoracic needle core biopsy: multivariate analysis of 249 procedures

Purpose:We aimed to identify modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors for hemoptysis complicating computed tomography (CT)-guided transthoracic needle biopsy.Methods:All procedures performed in our institution from November 2013 to May 2015 were reviewed. Hemoptysis was classified as mild if limited to hemoptoic sputum and abundant otherwise. Presence of intra-alveolar hemorrhage on postbiopsy CT images was also evaluated. Patient- and lesion-related variables were considered nonmodifiable, while procedure-related variables were considered modifiable.Results:A total of 249 procedures were evaluated. Hemoptysis and alveolar hemorrhage occurred in 18% and 58% of procedures, respectively, and were abundant or significant in 8% and 17% of procedures, respectively. Concordance between the occurrence of significant alveolar hemorrhage (grade ≥2) and hemoptysis was poor (κ=0.28; 95% CI [0.16–0.40]). In multivariate analysis, female gender (P = 0.008), a longer transpulmonary needle path (P = 0.014), and smaller lesion size (P = 0.044) were independent risk factors for hemoptysis. Transpulmonary needle-path length was the only risk factor for abundant hemoptysis with borderline statistical significance (P = 0.049).Conclusion:The transpulmonary needle path should be as short as possible to reduce the risk of abundant hemoptysis during CT-guided transthoracic needle biopsy

The PEARL Approach for CT-guided Lung Biopsy: Assessment of Complication Rate

Background Percutaneous CT-guided biopsy of lung nodules is an established method with high diagnostic accuracy but a high rate of pneumothorax and chest tube insertion compared with endobronchial methods. Purpose To investigate the effect of a protocol combining patient positioning biopsy-side down, needle removal during expiration, autologous blood patch sealing, rapid rollover, and pleural patching (PEARL) on complication rate after percutaneous CT-guided lung biopsy, especially chest tube insertion. Materials and Methods In a secondary analysis of both prospectively and retrospectively acquired data from December 2019 to November 2020, consecutive participants underwent biopsy with use of the PEARL protocol (prospective data) and were compared with patients who underwent biopsy at the same tertiary cancer center according to the standard method without any additional techniques (controls, retrospective data). Patient demographics, lesion characteristics, intraprocedural data, complications, and histologic results were recorded and compared. Results One hundred patients in the control group (mean age ± standard deviation, 63 years ± 12; 61 men) and 100 participants in the PEARL group (mean age, 64 years ± 12; 48 men) were evaluated. No differences were found in patient and lesion characteristics. The emphysema rate was 47 of 100 patients (47%) in both groups. The rate of pneumothorax was 37 of 100 patients (37%) in the control group versus 16 of 100 (16%) in the PEARL group (P = .001). Of the pneumothoraxes that occurred, fewer were during the intervention in the PEARL group, with 21 of 37 onsets (57%) in the control group versus three of 16 onsets (19%) in the PEARL group (P .99). Conclusion During CT-guided percutaneous lung biopsy, a protocol of positioning biopsy-side down, needle removal during expiration, autologous blood patch sealing, rapid rollover, and pleural patching, or PEARL, reduced rates of pneumothorax and chest tube insertion. © RSNA, 2021

Genicular artery embolization for knee osteoarthritis: Results of the LipioJoint-1 trial

International audiencePurposeThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of transient genicular artery embolization (GAE) using an ethiodized oil-based emulsion for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (KOA).Materials and methodsThis prospective, single-arm, open-label, multicenter, first-in-human cohort trial was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04733092). The main inclusion criterion was diagnosis of KOA according to a visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score ≥ 40 mm (score range: 0–100 mm), despite conservative treatment for at least three months. Treatment efficacy was assessed using changes in VAS pain score, Mean Western Ontario & McMaster Universities osteoarthritis (WOMAC) function score (normalized to 100; score ranging from 0 to100) and outcome measures in rheumatoid arthritis clinical trials (OMERACT)-Osteoarthritis Research Society (OARSI) set of responder criteria.ResultsTwenty-two consecutive participants (13 women; mean age, 66 ± 9 [standard deviation (SD)]) were included and underwent GAE. Emulsion consisted in a mixture of ioversol and ethiodized oil (ratio 1:3, respectively) prepared extemporaneously. The rate of serious adverse events attributed to GAE within one month was 5% (1/22), corresponding to reversible worsening of renal function. Immediate technical success rate was 100%. Mean VAS pain score dropped from 74.4 ± 16.5 (SD) mm at baseline to 37.2 ± 26.7 (SD) mm at three months (P < 0.001). Mean WOMAC function score (normalized to 100: score ranging from 0 to 100) decreased from 57.3 ± 17.1 (SD) at baseline to 33.5 ± 25.9 (SD) at three months (P < 0.001). At three months, 16 out of 22 participants (73%) were considered responders according to the OMERACT-OARSI set of responder criteria, including high improvement in either pain or WOMAC function, or improvement in both pain and WOMAC function.ConclusionGAE using an ethiodized oil-based emulsion is safe and improves pain and function in participants with KOA for at least three months

Effects of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery: an international prospective cohort study an international prospective cohort study

We aimed to determine the impact of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We performed an international prospective cohort study including patients undergoing elective surgery in October 2020. Isolation was defined as the period before surgery during which patients did not leave their house or receive visitors from outside their household. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, adjusted in multivariable models for measured confounders. Pre-defined sub-group analyses were performed for the primary outcome. A total of 96,454 patients from 114 countries were included and overall, 26,948 (27.9%) patients isolated before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded in 1947 (2.0%) patients of which 227 (11.7%) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients who isolated pre-operatively were older, had more respiratory comorbidities and were more commonly from areas of high SARS-CoV-2 incidence and high-income countries. Although the overall rates of postoperative pulmonary complications were similar in those that isolated and those that did not (2.1% vs 2.0%, respectively), isolation was associated with higher rates of postoperative pulmonary complications after adjustment (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05–1.36, p = 0.005). Sensitivity analyses revealed no further differences when patients were categorised by: pre-operative testing; use of COVID-19-free pathways; or community SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications increased with periods of isolation longer than 3 days, with an OR (95%CI) at 4–7 days or ≥ 8 days of 1.25 (1.04–1.48), p = 0.015 and 1.31 (1.11–1.55), p = 0.001, respectively. Isolation before elective surgery might be associated with a small but clinically important increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Longer periods of isolation showed no reduction in the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. These findings have significant implications for global provision of elective surgical care. We aimed to determine the impact of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We performed an international prospective cohort study including patients undergoing elective surgery in October 2020. Isolation was defined as the period before surgery during which patients did not leave their house or receive visitors from outside their household. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, adjusted in multivariable models for measured confounders. Pre-defined sub-group analyses were performed for the primary outcome. A total of 96,454 patients from 114 countries were included and overall, 26,948 (27.9%) patients isolated before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded in 1947 (2.0%) patients of which 227 (11.7%) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients who isolated pre-operatively were older, had more respiratory comorbidities and were more commonly from areas of high SARS-CoV-2 incidence and high-income countries. Although the overall rates of postoperative pulmonary complications were similar in those that isolated and those that did not (2.1% vs 2.0%, respectively), isolation was associated with higher rates of postoperative pulmonary complications after adjustment (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05–1.36, p = 0.005). Sensitivity analyses revealed no further differences when patients were categorised by: pre-operative testing; use of COVID-19-free pathways; or community SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications increased with periods of isolation longer than 3 days, with an OR (95%CI) at 4–7 days or ≥ 8 days of 1.25 (1.04–1.48), p = 0.015 and 1.31 (1.11–1.55), p = 0.001, respectively. Isolation before elective surgery might be associated with a small but clinically important increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Longer periods of isolation showed no reduction in the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. These findings have significant implications for global provision of elective surgical care