3 research outputs found
Multiplicity Dependencies of Midrapidity Transverse Momentum Distributions of Identified Charged Particles in Proton-Proton Collisions at (<i>s</i>)<sup>1/2</sup> = 7 TeV at the LHC
No full textDependencies of midrapidity pt distributions of the charged pions and kaons, protons and antiprotons on charged-particle multiplicity density (dNch/dη>) in inelastic proton-proton collisions at (s)1/2 = 7 TeV at the LHC, measured by ALICE Collaboration, are investigated. The simultaneous minimum χ2 fits with the Tsallis function with thermodynamical consistence and the Hagedorn function with included transverse flow have well-described the pt spectra of the particle species in the ten studied groups of charged-particle multiplicity density. The effective temperatures, T, of the Tsallis function with thermodynamical consistence have shown a steady rise with increasing the charged-particle multiplicity in proton-proton collisions at (s)1/2 = 7 TeV, in agreement with the similar result obtained recently in proton-proton collisions at (s)1/2 = 13 TeV at the LHC. The respective T versus dNch/dη> dependence in proton-proton collisions at (s)1/2 = 7 TeV is reproduced quite well by the simple power function with the same value (≈ 1/3) of the exponent parameter as that extracted in proton-proton collisions at (s)1/2 = 13 TeV. The identical power dependence T~ε1/3 between the initial energy density and effective temperature of the system has been observed in proton-proton collisions at (s)1/2 = 7 and 13 TeV. We have observed that the transverse radial flow emerges at dNch/dη> ≈ 6 and then increases, becoming substantial at larger multiplicity events in proton-proton collisions at (s)1/2 = 7 TeV. We have estimated, analyzing T0 and ⟨βt⟩ versus dNch/dη> dependencies, that the possible onset of deconfinement phase transition in proton-proton collisions at (s)1/2 = 7 TeV occurs at dNch/dη> ≈ 6.1 ± 0.3, which is close to the corresponding recent estimate (dNch/dη> ≈ 7.1 ± 0.2) in proton-proton collisions at (s)1/2 = 13 TeV. The corresponding critical energy densities for probable onset of deconfinement phase transition in proton-proton collisions at (s)1/2 = 7 and 13 TeV at the LHC have been estimated to be 0.67 ± 0.03 and 0.76 ± 0.02 GeV/fm3, respectively
Simultaneous Analysis of Midrapidity pT Spectra of Identified Particle Species in Pb + Pb Collisions at snn = 2.76 TeV Using Tsallis Distribution with Transverse Flow
No full textThe midrapidity transverse momentum distributions of the charged pions, kaons, protons, and antiprotons in ten groups of centrality of Pb + Pb collisions at snn = 2.76 TeV, measured by the ALICE Collaboration, have been analyzed successfully using both thermodynamically consistent and non-consistent Tsallis distribution functions with transverse flow. The collision centrality dependencies of the extracted parameters of two kinds of Tsallis functions with transverse flow have been investigated. The significantly different behavior (growth rates) of ⟨βT⟩ in regions ⟨Npart⟩ < 71 and ⟨Npart⟩ > 71 with the temperature T0 becoming constant in region ⟨Npart⟩ > 71 has been observed. This could indicate that ⟨Npart⟩ = 71 ± 5 (corresponding to ⟨dNch/dη⟩ = 205 ± 15) is a threshold border value of collision centrality for crossover phase transition from the dense hadronic state to the QGP state (or a mixed state of QGP and hadrons) in Pb + Pb collisions at snn = 2.76 TeV. This conjecture is supported further by the observed, significantly different correlations between T0 and ⟨βT⟩ parameters in the corresponding ⟨βT⟩ < 0.44 and ⟨βT⟩ > 0.44 ranges. The strong positive linear correlation between non-extensivity parameter q for pions and kaons, between q for pions and (anti)protons, and between q for kaons and (anti)protons has been obtained. The parameter q for all studied particle species has proven to be strongly anticorrelated with the average transverse flow velocity, ⟨βT⟩. Quite a large positive linear correlation has been obtained between the q of the studied particle species and temperature parameter T0. Analysis of q versus ⟨Npart⟩ dependencies for the studied particle species suggests that the highly thermalized and equilibrated QGP is produced in central Pb + Pb collisions at snn = 2.76 TeV with ⟨Npart⟩ > 160
Analysis of Midrapidity <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi mathvariant="bold-italic">p</mi><mi mathvariant="bold-italic">T</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> Distributions of Identified Charged Particles in Pb + Pb Collisions at <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msqrt><mrow><msub><mi mathvariant="bold-italic">s</mi><mrow><mi mathvariant="bold-italic">n</mi><mi mathvariant="bold-italic">n</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></msqrt></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> = 5.02 TeV Using Tsallis Distribution with Embedded Transverse Flow
No full textThe midrapidity transverse momentum distributions of the charged pions, kaons, protons, and antiprotons, measured by ALICE Collaboration at ten centrality classes of Pb + Pb collisions at snn = 5.02 TeV in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC, CERN, Switzerland), are successfully analyzed using combined minimum χ2 fits with a thermodynamically non-consistent, as well as thermodynamically consistent, Tsallis function with transverse flow. The extracted non-extensivity parameter q decreases systematically for all considered particle species with increasing Pb + Pb collision centrality, suggesting an increase in the degree of system thermalization with an increase in collision centrality. The results for q suggest quite a large degree of thermalization of quark–gluon plasma (QGP) created in central Pb + Pb collisions at snn = 5.02 TeV with the average number of participant nucleons ⟨Npart⟩ > 160. The obtained significantly different growth rates of transverse flow velocity, ⟨βT⟩, in regions ⟨Npart⟩ ⟨Npart⟩ > 71 ± 7 with the temperature parameter T0 remaining constant within uncertainties in region ⟨Npart⟩ > 71 ± 7 probably indicates that ⟨Npart⟩ ≈ 71 ± 7 (corresponding to ⟨dNch/dη⟩ ≈ 251 ± 20) is a threshold border value for a crossover transition from a dense hadronic state to the QGP phase (or mixed phase of QGP and hadrons) in Pb + Pb collisions at snn = 5.02 TeV. The threshold border value for transverse flow velocity ⟨βT⟩ ≈ 0.46 ± 0.03 (corresponding to ⟨Npart⟩ ≈ 71 ± 7), estimated by us in Pb + Pb collisions at snn = 5.02 TeV, agrees well with the corresponding border value ⟨βT⟩ ≈ 0.44 ± 0.02, recently obtained in Xe + Xe collisions at snn = 5.44 TeV, and with almost constant ⟨βT⟩ values extracted earlier in the Beam Energy Scan (BES) program of the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC, Brookhaven, GA, USA) in central Au + Au collisions in the snn = 7.7 − 39 GeV energy range, where the threshold for QGP production is achieved. The correlations between extracted T0 and ⟨βT⟩ parameters are found to be greatly different in regions ⟨βT⟩ ⟨βT⟩ > 0.46, which further supports our result obtained for the threshold border value in Pb + Pb collisions at snn = 5.02 TeV
