A robust computational investigation on C₆₀ fullerene nanostructure as a novel sensor to detect SCNˉ

This study explored on the adsorption properties and electronic structure of SCNˉ via density functional theory analysis on the exterior surfaces of C₆₀ and CNTs using B3LYP functional and 6-31G** standard basis set. Then adsorption of SCNˉ through nitrogen atom on the C60 fullerene is electrostatic (₋48.02 kJ molˉ1) in comparison with the C₅₉Al fullerene that shows covalently attached to fullerene surface (₋389.10 kJ mol̄ˉ1). Our calculations demonstrate that the SCNˉ adsorption on the pristine and Al-doped single-walled CNTs are ₋173.13 and ₋334.43 kJ molˉ1, indicating that the SCNˉ can be chemically bonded on the surface of Al-doped CNTs. Moreover, the adsorption of SCNˉ on the C₆₀ surface is weaker in comparison with C₅₉B, C₅₉Al, and C₅₉Ga systems but its electronic sensitivity improved in comparison with those of C₅₉B, C₅₉Al, and C₅₉Ga fullerenes. The evaluation of adsorption energy, energy gap, and dipole moment demonstrates that the pure fullerene can be exploited in the design practice as an SCNˉ sensor and C₅₉Al can be used for SCNˉ removal application

Treatment and detection of diabetes mellitus in patients with stroke

No abstract available

Ammonia toxicity in Nile tilapia: Potential role of dietary baicalin on biochemical profile, antioxidant status and inflammatory gene expression

The privileges of dietary baicalin intervention as a prophylaxis were assessed in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) pre and post-acute ammonia challenge. The experimental trial lasted for 4 weeks, the first group served as a control (fed a basal diet), while, the second group received diet supplemented with baicalin (0.8 g/kg diet). The third group was fed a basal diet and exposed to acute ammonia toxicity in the last week. Meanwhile, the fourth group fed diet supplemented with baicalin (0.8 g/kg diet), then exposed to unionized ammonia challenge (5 mg/L) in the last week. Dietary baicalin notably augmented immune indicators (lysozyme, respiratory burst activity, phagocytic activity assay, and immunoglobulin (Ig) and tissue antioxidant biomarkers (total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT)). Meanwhile, it decreased malondialdehyde (MDA), hepato-renal indicators (aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), urea, uric acid, creatinine), and stress indicators including glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and cortisol. Ammonia exposure significantly elevated stress parameters and MDA, but lessened SOD, GSH, CAT, and TAC levels in liver, gills, and kidneys tissue. Dietary baicalin and ammonia exposure induced interaction impacts on urea, creatinine, cortisol, glucose, lysozyme, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Prior to ammonia exposure, baicalin administration clearly decreased urea. Fish fed enriched diet with - baicalin showed no changes in stress biomarkers before ammonia exposure, meanwhile reduced it after the ammonia challenge. Dietary baicalin alleviated fluctuations induced by ammonia in all above-mentioned parameters. And alleviated the altered gene expression for Hsp70, Nf-κB, Myd88, traf6, Nrf2, Ho-1, Il-1β, Il-8, TNF-α, and TLR-4 induced by ammonia toxicity. Taken together, it has been recommended to use baicalin for 3 weeks to mitigate ammonia-induced-oxidative damage, immune impairment, stress condition, hepato-renal failure, antioxidant and inflammatory gene expression in O. niloticus

Glycemic control after sleeve gastrectomy in Taif Hospitals, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

This study was designed to assess the glycemic control after sleeve gastrectomy surgeries in overweight and obese patients with T2DM as well as the associated factors that may affect glycemic control in those patients. We conducted a retrospective study based on retrieving the required information from patient's files in Medical Records Departments for type II diabetic overweight and obese patients who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), in Taif, from January 2017 to December 2019. The follow-up duration for all patient was three-to-six months postoperatively. We found that LSG achieved a significant glycemic control in overweight and obese patients with T2DM. Preoperatively, mean ± SD fasting blood glucose, random blood glucose and hemoglobin A1C were 160.7 ± 65.6 mg/dL, 237.4 ± 66.9 mg/dL and 8.4 ± 1.5%, respectively. Postoperatively, mean ± SD fasting blood glucose, random blood glucose and hemoglobin A1C were 103.4 ± 36 mg/dL, 113.6 ± 15.7 mg/dL and 6.2 ± 0.9% (P < .001, for each). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that increasing age was the most significant independent predictor that affect diabetic control in our study [odds ratio, 1.141, 95% confidence interval (1.015 to 1.282), P = .027)]. We concluded that LSG is a successful treatment option for glycemic control in overweight and obese patients with T2DM especially younger patients usually three-to-six months following surgery

Zinc oxide resveratrol nanoparticles ameliorate testicular dysfunction due to levofloxacin-induced oxidative stress in rats

Abstract The present work is aimed to assess the protective influence of zinc oxide resveratrol nanoparticles against oxidative stress-associated testicular dysfunction. The number of 50 male albino rats were randomly separated into five groups (n = 10): Group I, control: rats gavage distilled water orally; Group II, Levofloxacin: rats that administered Levofloxacin (LFX) softened in distilled water at a dosage of 40 mg/kg−1 BW orally every other day; Group III, Zn-RSV: rats administered with Zn-RSV (zinc oxide resveratrol in distilled water at a dose 20 mg/kg−1 BW orally every other day; Group IV, (LFX + Zn-RSV): rats that were administered with Levofloxacin along with Zn-RSV nPs; Group V, Levofloxacin + Zn: rats were administered with Levofloxacin and Zno at a dose of 20 mg/kg−1 BW orally every other day as mentioned before. This study lasted for 2 months. Sera were collected to assess luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and testosterone values. Testicular tissues were utilized to evaluate levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), and catalase (CAT). Semen samples were utilized to measure their quality (motility, concentration, and vitality). Histopathological and immune histochemical techniques investigated the morphological changes in the testis. Rats treated with Levofloxacin showed significantly lower levels of serum LH, testosterone, FSH, testicular enzymatic NO, catalase, SOD, BAX, and BCL-2 immune reactivity and sperm quality but significantly greater testicular malondialdehyde and caspase-3 immuno-reactivity Compared to both control and zinc oxide resveratrol treatment. Zinc oxide resveratrol nanoparticles ameliorated the harmful side effects of Levofloxacin. Improvements were more pronounced in the co-treatment (LFX + Zn-RSV) Zinc oxide resveratrol group than in the co-treatment (LFX + Zno) Zinc oxide group. Zinc oxide resveratrol nanoparticles could be a possible solution for levofloxacin oxidative stress-induced fertility problems

β-Cell Autophagy Pathway and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Regulating-Role of Liposomal Curcumin in Experimental Diabetes Mellitus: A Molecular and Morphometric Study

Background: Autophagy can confer protection to pancreatic β-cells from the harmful effects of metabolic stress by delaying apoptosis. Curcumin (CUR) alleviates oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, activates autophagy, reduces inflammation, and decreases β-cell damage in type I diabetes. Liposomal CUR (LPs-CUR) has a higher therapeutic value and better pharmacokinetics than CUR. Objectives: We determined LPs-CUR’s ability to alleviate stress, reduce β-cell damage and unraveled the mechanism underlying its protective effect using a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type I diabetic rat model. Methods: Sprague–Dawley rats were grouped into vehicle control, STZ-diabetic (STZ 65 mg/kg), STZ-diabetic-3-MA (3-methyladenine [3-MA] 10 mg/kg b.wt), STZ. diabetic-LPs-CUR (LPs-CUR 10 mg/kg b.wt), and STZ diabetic-LPs-CUR-3-MA (LPs-CUR 10 mg/kg b.wt; 3-MA 10 mg/kg b.wt). Results: LPs-CUR significantly reduced blood glucose, oxidative stress, and cellular inflammation in the pancreatic tissue (p < 0.001). ER stress-dependent genes included ATF-6, eIF-2, CHOP, JNK, BiP, and XBP LPs-CUR significantly suppressed fold changes, while it upregulated the autophagic markers Beclin-1 and LC3-II. Conclusions: LP-CUR ameliorates β-cell damage by targeting the autophagy pathway with the regulatory miRNAs miR-137 and miR-29b, which functionally abrogates ER stress in β-cells. This study presents a new therapeutic target for managing type I diabetes using miR-137 and miR-29b