4 research outputs found
Multi-Modal 3D Object Detection in Autonomous Driving: a Survey
In the past few years, we have witnessed rapid development of autonomous
driving. However, achieving full autonomy remains a daunting task due to the
complex and dynamic driving environment. As a result, self-driving cars are
equipped with a suite of sensors to conduct robust and accurate environment
perception. As the number and type of sensors keep increasing, combining them
for better perception is becoming a natural trend. So far, there has been no
indepth review that focuses on multi-sensor fusion based perception. To bridge
this gap and motivate future research, this survey devotes to review recent
fusion-based 3D detection deep learning models that leverage multiple sensor
data sources, especially cameras and LiDARs. In this survey, we first introduce
the background of popular sensors for autonomous cars, including their common
data representations as well as object detection networks developed for each
type of sensor data. Next, we discuss some popular datasets for multi-modal 3D
object detection, with a special focus on the sensor data included in each
dataset. Then we present in-depth reviews of recent multi-modal 3D detection
networks by considering the following three aspects of the fusion: fusion
location, fusion data representation, and fusion granularity. After a detailed
review, we discuss open challenges and point out possible solutions. We hope
that our detailed review can help researchers to embark investigations in the
area of multi-modal 3D object detection
The large area detector onboard the eXTP mission
The Large Area Detector (LAD) is the high-throughput, spectral-timing instrument onboard the eXTP mission, a flagship
mission of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the China National Space Administration, with a large European
participation coordinated by Italy and Spain. The eXTP mission is currently performing its phase B study, with a target
launch at the end-2027. The eXTP scientific payload includes four instruments (SFA, PFA, LAD and WFM) offering
unprecedented simultaneous wide-band X-ray timing and polarimetry sensitivity. The LAD instrument is based on the
design originally proposed for the LOFT mission. It envisages a deployed 3.2 m2 effective area in the 2-30 keV energy
range, achieved through the technology of the large-area Silicon Drift Detectors - offering a spectral resolution of up to
200 eV FWHM at 6 keV - and of capillary plate collimators - limiting the field of view to about 1 degree. In this paper
we will provide an overview of the LAD instrument design, its current status of development and anticipated
performance
The large area detector onboard the eXTP mission
The eXTP (enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry) mission is a major project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
(CAS) and China National Space Administration (CNSA) currently performing an extended phase A study and proposed
for a launch by 2025 in a low-earth orbit. The eXTP scientific payload envisages a suite of instruments (Spectroscopy
Focusing Array, Polarimetry Focusing Array, Large Area Detector and Wide Field Monitor) offering unprecedented
simultaneous wide-band X-ray spectral, timing and polarimetry sensitivity. A large European consortium is contributing
to the eXTP study and it is expected to provide key hardware elements, including a Large Area Detector (LAD). The
LAD instrument for eXTP is based on the design originally proposed for the LOFT mission within the ESA context. The
eXTP/LAD envisages a deployed 3.4 m2 effective area in the 2-30 keV energy range, achieved through the technology of
the large-area Silicon Drift Detectors - offering a spectral resolution of up to 200 eV FWHM at 6 keV - and of capillary
plate collimators - limiting the field of view to about 1 degree. In this paper we provide an overview of the LAD
instrument design, including new elements with respect to the earlier LOFT configuration
The large area detector onboard the eXTP mission
The Large Area Detector (LAD) is the high-throughput, spectral-timing instrument onboard the eXTP mission, a flagship mission of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the China National Space Administration, with a large European participation coordinated by Italy and Spain. The eXTP mission is currently performing its phase B study, with a target launch at the end-2027. The eXTP scientific payload includes four instruments (SFA, PFA, LAD and WFM) offering unprecedented simultaneous wide-band X-ray timing and polarimetry sensitivity. The LAD instrument is based on the design originally proposed for the LOFT mission. It envisages a deployed 3.2 m2 effective area in the 2-30 keV energy range, achieved through the technology of the large-area Silicon Drift Detectors - offering a spectral resolution of up to 200 eV FWHM at 6 keV - and of capillary plate collimators - limiting the field of view to about 1 degree. In this paper we will provide an overview of the LAD instrument design, its current status of development and anticipated performance