Effect of Amidated Low-Methoxyl Pectin on Physicochemical Characteristics of Jumbo Squid (Dosidicus gigas) Mantle Muscle Gels

Proteini mišića Humboldtove lignje (Dosidicus gigas) imaju ograničenu primjenu u želatiniranim proizvodima zbog slabe funkcionalnosti. Svrha je ovoga rada bila ispitati utjecaj dodatka prirodnog, komercijalno dostupnog vlakna, i to amidiranog pektina s malim udjelom metoksila (0,5; 1,0; 1,5; 2,0 i 3,0 %), na fizikalno-kemijska i funkcionalna svojstva gelova dobivenih od plašta Humboldtove lignje (Dosidicus gigas). Dodatkom 0,5 % vlakana opažen je trenutni učinak na teksturu gela, i to na poboljšanje tvdoće (p<0,05) od (3,4±0,7) N u kontrolnom uzorku (bez dodatka vlakana) do (5,2±0,9) N, te elastičnosti (p≥0,05). Posmična sila bila je značajna samo pri dodatku 3,0 % vlakana. Dodatak vlakana također je poboljšao sposobnost vezivanja vode (p<0,05), i to sa 75 % u kontrolnom uzorku na 90-95 % na kraju pokusa. Dodatak od 3,0 % vlakana utjecao je na bjelinu. Diferencijalnom su motridbenom kalorimetrijom pronađena dva endotermna prijelaza u gelovima. Dodatak vlakana povećao je drugi pik (aktin) (p<0,05) za 1-2 ºC. Stoga je zaključeno da ispitivanje potvrđuje da je amidirani pektin s malim udjelom metoksila odličan dodatak za poboljšanje funkcionalnosti proteina mišića Humboldtove lignje, jer pozitivno utječe na teksturu dobivenih gelova i njihovu sposobnost zadržavanja vode.Jumbo squid (Dosidicus gigas) muscle proteins show low functionality with limited use in gel products. This work aims to assess the influence of adding the natural and commercially available fibre, amidated low-methoxyl pectin (at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 3.0 %), on the physicochemical and functional characteristics of jumbo squid (Dosidicus gigas) mantle muscle gels. The addition of 0.5 % fibre showed an immediate effect on the gel texture profile analysis, improving hardness (p<0.05) from (3.4±0.7) N of the control (no added fibre) to (5.2±0.9) N, and increasing elasticity (p≥0.05). Shear force was significant only at 3.0 % fibre addition. Water holding capacity also improved (p<0.05) with fibre addition (from 75 % in the control to 90–95 % aft er the treatments). Whiteness was affected (p<0.05) when 3.0 % fibre was added. Differential scanning calorimetry showed two endothermic transition peaks in the gels. The second peak (actin) increased (p<0.05) by 1–2 °C with fibre addition. Therefore, the present study demonstrates that amidated low-methoxyl pectin (0.5–3.0 %) is an excellent ingredient to improve jumbo squid mantle muscle protein functionality, increasing the gel texture and water retention characteristics

Constraints on the χ_(c1) versus χ_(c2) polarizations in proton-proton collisions at √s = 8 TeV

The polarizations of promptly produced χ_(c1) and χ_(c2) mesons are studied using data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC, in proton-proton collisions at √s=8  TeV. The χ_c states are reconstructed via their radiative decays χ_c → J/ψγ, with the photons being measured through conversions to e⁺e⁻, which allows the two states to be well resolved. The polarizations are measured in the helicity frame, through the analysis of the χ_(c2) to χ_(c1) yield ratio as a function of the polar or azimuthal angle of the positive muon emitted in the J/ψ → μ⁺μ⁻ decay, in three bins of J/ψ transverse momentum. While no differences are seen between the two states in terms of azimuthal decay angle distributions, they are observed to have significantly different polar anisotropies. The measurement favors a scenario where at least one of the two states is strongly polarized along the helicity quantization axis, in agreement with nonrelativistic quantum chromodynamics predictions. This is the first measurement of significantly polarized quarkonia produced at high transverse momentum