Dynamics of Hot QCD Matter -- Current Status and Developments

The discovery and characterization of hot and dense QCD matter, known as Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP), remains the most international collaborative effort and synergy between theorists and experimentalists in modern nuclear physics to date. The experimentalists around the world not only collect an unprecedented amount of data in heavy-ion collisions, at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) in New York, USA, and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), at CERN in Geneva, Switzerland but also analyze these data to unravel the mystery of this new phase of matter that filled a few microseconds old universe, just after the Big Bang. In the meantime, advancements in theoretical works and computing capability extend our wisdom about the hot-dense QCD matter and its dynamics through mathematical equations. The exchange of ideas between experimentalists and theoreticians is crucial for the progress of our knowledge. The motivation of this first conference named "HOT QCD Matter 2022" is to bring the community together to have a discourse on this topic. In this article, there are 36 sections discussing various topics in the field of relativistic heavy-ion collisions and related phenomena that cover a snapshot of the current experimental observations and theoretical progress. This article begins with the theoretical overview of relativistic spin-hydrodynamics in the presence of the external magnetic field, followed by the Lattice QCD results on heavy quarks in QGP, and finally, it ends with an overview of experiment results.Comment: Compilation of the contributions (148 pages) as presented in the `Hot QCD Matter 2022 conference', held from May 12 to 14, 2022, jointly organized by IIT Goa & Goa University, Goa, Indi

Pathophysiology of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy that affects 8–20% of the reproductive age females and adolescent girls every year worldwide and approximately 5 million cases reported in the USA annually. It is more prevalent in urban areas as compared to the rural areas because of the difference in the lifestyles of rural and urban ladies. Rarely PCOS is passed on by heredity in some cases. It mostly occurs due to a lack of awareness. Its symptoms become mild to severe like initially hirsutism, acne which further leads to irregular periods and infertility. The pathogenesis of PCOS is not known because it is a complex multi-genetic disorder. Ovary and adrenal steroid genesis, the action of steroid hormone, action and regulation of gonadotropin, action, and secretion of insulin, obesity, and regulation of energy in PCOS involve genes. Its main clinical manifestations are insulin resistance and increased level of androgen. Metformin is used to sensitize the insulin because the risk of glucose intolerance also gets elevated with insulin resistance, type-2 diabetes, and lipid abnormalities. Likely, the outcome of different, deeply interrelated genetic abnormalities that influence each other and perpetuate the syndrome may be represented by PCOS

EVALUATION OF EZENUS IN AN EXPERIMENTAL MODEL OF DIET-INDUCED ALCOHOLIC AND NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER CONDITION IN RATS

Objective: Alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease are found to affect more than 10% of the general population. Fatty liver condition in humans is directly correlated with psychosocial stress. Herbal formulations for the management of stress may present an alternative for the treatment of fatty liver disease. Ezenus is a polyherbal candy containing herbs that can ameliorate stress and consequent liver abnormality. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of Ezenus in experimentally induced alcoholic and non-acloholic fatty liver condition.Methods: Two models were studied simultaneously, prophylactic and therapeutic. Prophylactic groups received Ezenus along with fatty diet whereas the therapeutic groups received Ezenus only after induction of alcoholic or non-alcoholic fatty liver condition. Biochemical parameters were estimated in the serum on Days 0, 45 and 90. Lipid biochemistry of liver and histopathology were performed after terminal necropsy.Results: Fatty liver condition was induced in rats within 45 days of fatty diet administration with or without alcohol. Results of the present study suggested that prophylactic administration of Ezenus prevented the development of fatty liver condition in rats to a certain extent. Therapeutic intervention with Ezenus after fatty diet intake for 45 days was able to prevent the deranging effects of fatty liver disease. This beneficial effect of Ezenus was attributed to the adaptogenic and antioxidant effects of the ingredients present in Ezenus.Conclusion: Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that long term treatment of Ezenus exhibits a preventive effect in fatty liver disease. It not only protects the liver from toxic insults to a certain extent but also has the capability of maintaining the normal liver function.Â