Keusahawanan Menurut Perspektif Al-Quran

Kajian ini dijalankan untuk mengkaji Keusahawanan Menurut Perspektif Al-Quran. Aspek-aspek yang dikaji meliputi konsep, etika dan bidang keusahawanan. Kajian ini adalah berbentuk kajian perpustakaan. Hasil daripada kajian, penyelidik mendapati bahawa keusahawanan merupakan salah satu bidang yang dapat menjana ekonomi umat Islam. Di samping itu, dapat memberikan garis panduan yang betul kepada umat Islam dalam menjalankan aktiviti keusahawan. Bidang ini juga memberikan pendedahan tentang bidang-bidang yang terdapat dalam keusahawanan Islam seperti pertanian, penternakan, perlombongan, perikanan dan perusahaan. Di akhir kajian, penyelidik mengemukakan cadangan kepada pihak tertentu untuk menjadikan kajian ini lebih berguna untuk menarik minat masyarakat mengetahui tentang keusahawanan Islam

Hybrid Inorganic Organic PSF/Hap Dual-Layer Hollow Fibre Membrane for the Treatment of Lead Contaminated Water

Lead (Pb) exposure can be harmful to public health, especially through drinking water. One of the promising treatment methods for lead contaminated water is the adsorption-filtration method. To ensure the cost-effectiveness of the process, naturally derived adsorbent shall be utilised. In this study, hydroxyapatite particles, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 (HAP) derived from waste cockle shell, were incorporated into the outer layer of polysulfone/HAP (PSf/HAP) dual-layer hollow fibre (DLHF) membrane to enhance the removal of lead from the water source due to its hydrophilic nature and excellent adsorption capacity. The PSf/HAP DLHF membranes at different HAP loadings in the outer layer (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 wt%) were fabricated via the co-extrusion phase inversion technique. The performance of the DLHF membranes was evaluated in terms of pure water flux, permeability and adsorption capacity towards lead. The results indicated that the HAP was successfully incorporated into the outer layer of the membrane, as visibly confirmed by microscopic analysis. The trend was towards an increase in pure water flux, permeability and lead adsorption capacity as the HAP loading increased to the optimum loading of 30 wt%. The optimized DLHF membrane displayed a reduced water contact angle by 95%, indicating its improved surface hydrophilicity, which positively affects the pure water flux and permeability of the membrane. Furthermore, the DLHF membrane possessed the highest lead adsorption capacity, 141.2 mg/g. The development of a hybrid inorganic–organic DLHF membrane via the incorporation of the naturally derived HAP in the outer layer is a cost-effective approach to treat lead contaminated water