2 research outputs found
PoremeÄaji neurokognitivne funkcije, mentalnoga zdravlja i razine glukoze u zemljoradnika izloženih organofosfornim pesticidima
About 25 million agricultural workers in the developing world suffer from at least one episode of poisoningeach year, mainly by anticholinesterase-like organophosphates (OPs). The objective of this cross-sectional study was to establish the OP toxicity in 187 occupationally exposed farmers in terms of neurocognitive impairment, mental health status, clinical symptoms, diabetes, and haematological factors. The exposed group was compared to 187 healthy age-, sex-, and education-matching controls. Neurocognitive impairment was measured using the Subjective Neurocognition Inventory (SNI) and mental health status using the General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28). The subjects were also tested for fasting blood glucose (FBG), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), cholesterol (CL), triglycerides (TG), creatinine, oral glucose tolerance test (GTT), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The exposed farmers showed higher FBG (p<0.001), BUN (p=0.007), CL (p<0.001), oral GTT (p<0.001), and lower AST (p<0.001), ALP (p<0.001), and creatinine (p=0.004) than controls. The rates of anxiety/insomnia and severe depression were also significantly higher in the farmers than in controls (p=0.015 and p<0.001, respectively). Meanwhile, the rate of social dysfunction was signifi cantly lower than in controls (p<0.001). Disorders affecting psychomotor speed, selective attention, divided attention, verbal memory, nonverbal memory, prospective memory, spatial functioning, and initiative/energy were all lower in the farmers (p<0.001). Farmers showed clinical symptoms eczema, saliva secretion, fatigue, headache, sweating, abdominal pain, nausea, superior distal muscle weakness, inferior distal muscle weakness, inferior proximal muscle weakness, breath muscle weakness, hand tingling, foot tingling, epiphoria, polyuria, miosis, dyspnoea, bradycardia, and rhinorrhoea, which all signifi cantly correlated with the number of working years. These fi ndings indicate that farmers who work with OPs are prone to neuropsychological disorders and diabetes.Oko 25 milijuna zemljoradnika iz zemalja u razvoju imalo je barem jednu epizodu trovanja na godinu, uglavnom antikolinesteraznim organofosfatima. Cilj ovoga križnog ispitivanja bio je utvrditi u 187 profesionalno izloženih zemljoradnika toksiÄno djelovanje organofosfata na neurokognitivnu funkciju, mentalno zdravlje, kliniÄke simptome, dijabetes i hematoloÅ”ke parametre. Izložena je skupina usporeÄena s odgovarajuÄom kontrolnom skupinom od 187 ispitanika odgovarajuÄe dobi, spola i obrazovanja. Neurokognitivni poremeÄaj mjeren je s pomoÄu Inventara za subjektivnu procjenu neurokognitivne funkcije (izv. Subjective Neurocognition Inventory, krat. SNI), a mentalno zdravlje ocijenjeno s pomoÄu Upitnika o opÄem zdravstvenom stanju s 28 stavki (izv. General Health Questionnaire-28, krat. GHQ-28). Ispitanicima su takoÄer napravljene pretrage glukoze u krvi nataÅ”te (FBG), ureje u krvi (BUN), kolesterola (CL), triglicerida (TG), kreatinina, zatim test podnoÅ”ljivosti oralne glukoze (GTT), lipoproteina visoke gustoÄe (HDL), aspartat aminotransferaze (AST), alanin aminotransferaze (ALT) i alkalne fosfataze (ALP). Izloženi zemljoradnici imali su znaÄajno viÅ”e nalaze FBG-a (p<0,001), BUN-a (p=0,007), CL-a (p<0,001) i GTT-a (p<0,001) te znaÄajno niže nalaze AST-a (p<0,001), ALP-a (p<0,001) i kreatinina (p=0,004) od kontrolnih ispitanika. TakoÄer su u odnosu na kontrolu znaÄajno ÄeÅ”Äe imali tjeskobe/nesanice, odnosno snažnu depresiju (p=0,015, odnosno p<0,001). S druge strane, uÄestalost poremeÄaja socijalne funkcije bila je znaÄajno manja nego u kontrolnih ispitanika (p<0,001). Svi poremeÄaji koji utjeÄu na brzinu psihomotornog odgovora, selektivnu pažnju, podijeljenu pažnju, verbalno pamÄenje, neverbalno pamÄenje, prospektivno pamÄenje, prostornu funkciju te inicijativu/energiju bili su slabije izraženi u zemljoradnika (p<0,001). Zemljoradnici su iskazali kliniÄke simptome poput ekcema, slinjenja, umora, glavobolje, znojenja, boli u trbuhu, muÄnine, slabosti gornjih i donjih, distalnih i proksimalnih miÅ”iÄa te respiratornih miÅ”iÄa, trnaca u Å”akama i stopalima, epiforije, poliurije, mioze, dispneje, bradikardije i curenja iz nosa, a svi su simptomi bili znaÄajno povezani s godinama staža. Ovi rezultati ispitivanja upuÄuju na to da su zemljoradnici koji rade s organofosfatima skloniji neuropsiholoÅ”kim poremeÄajima i dijabetesu