Histomorphometric Alterations in Hepatic Tissue from Malathion-Induced Toxicity: An Experimental Animal Study

Background: Malathion, a widely used insecticide readily absorbed through skin and seriously affects different tissues and organs of the body. The main objective of this study was to compare the histomorphometric alterations resulting from hazardous effects of different doses of Malathion on hepatic tissue of male albino Wistar rats. Material and Methods: This animal experimental study was conducted at the Department of Anatomy and Postgraduate Research Laboratory at the Isra University, Hyderabad, Sindh Pakistan from February to July 2019. Thirty male albino Wistar rats between 250-300 grams weight were distributed equally into group A (control), group B (low-dose Malathion group; 27mg/kg 1/50 of LD50), and group C (high-dose Malathion group; 50mg/kg). Bodyweight of all rats was taken twice, before and after the experiment. The liver was dissected out, washed and weighed. Histopathological examination was done under the light microscope. Grading was done for severity in histopathological changes in each group. Data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Post-hoc Tukey test for comparison with the level of significance set at P-value ≤ .05. Results: Statistically significant (P < .05) decline in body weight was observed in groups B and C in comparison with group A. The relative weight of the liver was increased significantly (P < .05) in the experimental groups, when compared with the control group. Mild-to-moderate histopathological changes were observed in the low-dose Malathion group (Group B) while moderate-to-severe histopathological changes were demonstrated in the high-dose group (Group C). Conclusions: Malathion is a potent toxic pesticide and its exposure can exhibit damage to the hepatic tissues in a dose-dependent manner

MHD viscoelastic nanofluid flow across an extended plate using mixed convection and thermal radiation

Opportunities for magnetohydrodynamic mixed convection include modeling firefighting, combustion engineering, and cooling of electronic components. Nanotechnology has just provided a novel passive technique for improving heat transfer. Structured colloidal suspensions of magnetite nanoparticles in a base fluid are known as magneto nanofluids, and they are intended for use in thermal transfer uses, such as micro device cooling mechanisms. The current model is intended for examination of the nanofluid stagnation point flow using magnetohydrodynamics. A stretched sheet was exposed to magnetic strength and thermal radiation effects with outstanding results on heat transfer enhancements under mixed convection conditions. Furthermore, over the boundary effects of thermal slip and velocity are considered. The persuading system of partial differential equations of the governed fluid model is transformed into a scheme of coupled non-linear ordinary differential equations and expounded using a suitable numerical method. The fluid’s velocity, temperature, and concentration of nanoparticles are discussed graphically for a range of newly emerging parametric values. It has been noted that when there is a magnetic field, the fluid’s temperature increases, but its velocity decreases. After obtaining the numerical solution, parameters characterizing the flow, such as the local skin friction coefficient, local Sherwood number, and local Nusselt number, are thoroughly investigated

Histomorphometric Variations of the Placenta in Normal and Hypertensive Pregnancies

Background: Pregnancy-induced hypertension is a leading cause of deleterious changes in the placenta resulting in decreased blood supply towards the placenta. The objective of the current study was to analyze the histo-morphometric variations in the placenta of women with or without known pregnancy-induced hypertension. Methods: Cross-sectional study was carried out in the Gynecology and obstetrics section of Nazeer Hussain Medical Complex, Hyderabad in collaboration with Isra University, Hyderabad from March 2019 to August 2019. A total of 100 placentae were selected and divided into two groups (control and study groups) based on the presence or absence of hypertension in pregnancy. The observations of the control group placenta were compared with the study group placentas. All placentae were observed for morphometric and histological changes. SPSS ver. 22 was used to analyze the collected data. Results: There was an increase in the mean weight of placentae among the control group as compared to the group having known hypertension cases and the difference was statistically significant (p-value <0.05). The fetoplacental weight ratio was increased among the hypertension group when compared to the statistically insignificant control group (p-value <0.05). Various gross (infarction, calcification) and histological changes (hyalinised villi, intervillous hemorrhage, decreased villous vascularity) were observed in the placentae of the hypertensive group as compared to the normal group. Conclusion: The findings of the study concluded that Preeclampsia/PIH poses harmful and serious histo-morphometric variations in the placental tissues that affect fetal outcome