The effect of formulation and processing variables on granule microstructure

Imperial Users onl

Analysis of the Relationship between State Budget and Trade Balance of Libyan Economy (Period: 2000 – 2008)

The subject of the relationship between state budget and trade balance is important as economic subject, not only at the level of developing countries, but also at of advanced ones, too. Such importance emerged clearly when 1980s witnessed in United States of America a deficit in both state budget and trade balance, which was called at that time as the twin or dual deficit. We can say that the analysis of relationship between state budget and trade balance states the extent of mutual effect between financial and trade policies of any economy, namely; any change in the outcome of either one may affect the other in the same degree. To put in other words, the instruments of financial policy represented by total incomes and total expenditures can affect the trade balance through the movement of exports and imports and vice-versa. One tracing properties and features of Libyan economy may remark its dependence greatly on the public sector in financing developmental projects and making development generally, as well as its dependence on incomes to supply consumer and investment goods. Further, it depends in collecting its incomes of foreign currency on exports of chief source which is crude oil. So, study and analysis of relationship between state budget and trade balance of Libyan economy means to study and analyze relationship of public sector through the state budget, with the external sector expressed as the external trade through trade balance. The paper was processed within the framework of the Research Project of MSM 6046070906 "The economics of Czech agricultural resources and their effective use within the framework of multifunctional agri-food systems".State budget, trade balance, Libya, trade policy, fiscal policy, Financial Economics, International Relations/Trade, GA, IN,

Spin force and intrinsic spin Hall effect in spintronics systems

We investigate the spin Hall effect (SHE) in a wide class of spin-orbit coupling systems by using spin force picture. We derive the general relation equation between spin force and spin current and show that the longitudinal force component can induce a spin Hall current, from which we reproduce the spin Hall conductivity obtained previously using Kubo's formula. This simple spin force picture gives a clear and intuitive explanation for SHE