Chemoselective and Stereoselective Exploration of the Chemical Reactivity Space of Castagnoli-Cushman-Derived Allylic Lactamoyl Esters: Application to the Synthesis of Aza-Polycyclic Architectures

The synthesis and evaluation of structure-activity relationships of saturated nitrogen heterocycles is the focal point of various pharmaceutical companies thanks to the high biological activity of previously isolated azacycles. Here, we describe an operationally simple and highly efficient approach to macrocyclic lactams bearing vicinal stereocenters and a challenging cycloalkyne motif. The outcomes are achieved through a novel [4 + 2] cycloaddition reaction between an N-iodoarylated-1,3-azadiene and cyclic anhydrides, followed by interception of the cycloadducts in cross-coupling manifolds (e.g., Sonogashira coupling) and concomitant lithiation-cyclization of the tethered alkyne. An unprecedented example of a hydroamino alkylation that is transition metal-free and occurs at room temperature will also be discussed

Learning by Doing: A Case Study of Hospitality Students’ Learning Experience via Service Learning/Hands-on Experience

This is a case study based on the Hospitality and Restaurant Management program at a comprehensive Midwest university in the United States of America ( = 164). The sample selection for this study was a convenience sample of the students enrolled in a meetings and events management course. The purpose of the study was to investigate how the incorporation of service learning/hands-on experience in a meetings and events management class influences student learning and interest in community service. The results indicated that participants’ involvement in service learning/hands-on experience in a meetings and events management class significantly influences student learning and interest in community service

Chronic anti-coagulation therapy reduced mortality in patients with high cardiovascular risk early in COVID-19 pandemic

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with provoked thrombo-inflammatory responses. Early in the COVID-19 pandemic this was thought to contribute to hypercoagulability and multi-organ system complications in infected patients. Limited studies have evaluated the impact of therapeutic anti-coagulation therapy (AC) in alleviating these risks in COVID-19 positive patients. Our study aimed to investigate whether long-term therapeutic AC can decrease the risk of multi-organ system complications (MOSC) including stroke, limb ischemia, gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, in-hospital and intensive care unit death in COVID-19 positive patients hospitalized during the early phase of the pandemic in the United States. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted of all COVID-19 positive United States Veterans between March 2020 and October 2020. Patients receiving continuous outpatient therapeutic AC for a least 90 days prior to their initial COVID-19 positive test were assigned to the AC group. Patients who did not receive AC were included in a control group. We analyzed the primary study outcome of MOSC between the AC and control groups using binary logistic regression analysis (Odd-Ratio; OR). RESULTS: We identified 48,066 COVID-19 patients, of them 879 (1.8%) were receiving continuous therapeutic AC. The AC cohort had significantly worse comorbidities than the control group. On the adjusted binary logistic regression model, therapeutic AC significantly decreased in-hospital mortality rate (OR; 0.67, p = 0.04), despite a higher incidence of GI bleeding (OR; 4.00, p = 0.02). However, therapeutic AC did not significantly reduce other adverse events. CONCLUSION: AC therapy reduced in-hospital death early in the COVID-19 pandemic among patients who were hospitalized with the infection. However, it did not decrease the risk of MOSC. Additional trials are needed to determine the effectiveness of AC in preventing complications associated with ongoing emerging strains of the COVID-19 virus

Factors in the Development of Wine Tourism in Arkansas

Wine tourism is one of the fastest growing segments of the tourism industry. Every state in the U.S. has a winery, and wine trails play an important part in state tourism marketing. Arkansas has a flourishing tourism industry and a long history of wine production. However, wine tourism has not been developed in that state to take advantage of the existing tourist base and the growing interest in local wines. This paper looks at factors in the development of wine tourism around the world, the current wine tourism environment in Arkansas, and suggests tools for state winemakers to use to increase their exposure to tourists