8 research outputs found

    Évolution spatio-temporelle des séries silicoclastiques miocènes du NE au SW tunisien

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    Tayech-Mannai Beya. Évolution spatio-temporelle des séries silicoclastiques miocènes du NE au SW tunisien. In: Documents des Laboratoires de Géologie, Lyon, n°156, 2002. STRATI 2002. 3ème congrès français de stratigraphie. Lyon, 8-10 juillet 2002. p. 153

    Étude palynologique du Néogène de Zeramdine Sahel tunisien

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    Gaaloul-Announ N., Tayech, Razgallah-Gargouri Saloua. Étude palynologique du Néogène de Zeramdine Sahel tunisien. In: Géologie Méditerranéenne. Tome 14, numéro 1, 1987. Xe colloque africain de micropaléontologie. A – Le Cenozoique. Rabat – Université Mohamed V – Maroc. 29 septembre-1er octobre 1987. p. 83

    Étude palynologique du Néogène de Zeramdine Sahel tunisien

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    Gaaloul-Announ N., Tayech, Razgallah-Gargouri Saloua. Étude palynologique du Néogène de Zeramdine Sahel tunisien. In: Géologie Méditerranéenne. Tome 14, numéro 1, 1987. Xe colloque africain de micropaléontologie. A – Le Cenozoique. Rabat – Université Mohamed V – Maroc. 29 septembre-1er octobre 1987. p. 83

    Apport de l’analyse pollinique des sédiments de la sebkha Boujmel (Sud-Est tunisien) à la reconstitution des paléopaysages et paléoclimats holocènes en milieu aride

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    Une analyse palynologique a été menée sur les dépôts de l’Holocène moyen et supérieur ainsi que sur des échantillons de surface de la sebkha Boujmel. Les résultats préliminaires montrent une importante diversité végétale et enregistrent les réponses de la végétation au changement climatique et à l’impact des activités humaines. Entre 7 000 et 4 000 cal. BP, la présence d’une steppe graminéenne dans la plaine de Jeffara et d’une strate de taxons xérophytes-méditerranéens sur les reliefs proches reflètent les conditions climatiques plus humides de l’Holocène moyen. L’impact anthropique demeure très limité et les modifications de la végétation seraient plutôt d’origine climatique. L’aridification observée à partir de la transition Holocène moyen-supérieur engendre un recul des éléments méditerranéens et une progression de l’armoise et des taxons désertiques. Les échantillons de surface reflètent des changements environnementaux marqués par l’essor des écosystèmes désertiques, l’importance de l’olivier et une pression anthropique accrue sur les écosystèmes locaux. Ces enregistrements polliniques soulignent la complexité de la dynamique de l’Armoise, ainsi que l’absence d’indices d’une steppe à Acacia en Tunisie présaharienne au cours de l’Holocène.Pollen analyses are undertaken on Mid- to Late Holocene sediments and on surface samples from the sebkha Boujmel. Preliminary results highlight vegetation changes with large pollen taxonomic diversity and the vegetation response to both palaeoclimate change and human impact. From ca. 7000 to 4000 cal. BP, during the humid Mid‑Holocene episode, a grass steppe was widespread in the Jeffara coastal plain while a Mediterranean shrub covered the mountainous hinterland. At that time, human impact remains limited and major vegetation changes were triggered by climate forcing. At the Mid- to Late Holocene transition, the decrease of Mediterranean vegetation and both spreads of Artemisia and desert taxa may be related to increasing aridity. The surface samples reflect how human pressure is responsible for modern landscapes. The desert taxa develop while Olea and other pollen indicators attest to the increasing human activity on local ecosystems. Furthermore, pollen records stress the complex Artemisia dynamic and point to the lack of evidence towards an Acacia steppe in the southern pre-Saharan Tunisia during the Holocene

    The western edge of the Mediterranean Pelagian Platform: A Messinian mixed siliciclastic-carbonate ramp in northern Tunisia

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    International audienceThe marine Messinian deposits of Tunisia cover a narrow littoral strip some 300 km long between the northern Bizerte and Cap Bon areas and the central-eastern Sahel region. Litho- and biofacies analysis of six stratigraphic sections reveals the distinctive features of these deposits.;The lower Messinian deposits are characterized by ubiquitous siliciclastics and abundant oolitic/bioclastic limestones organized in an eastward facing ramp. Westward (landward), this ramp changes into coastal lagoons, sometimes containing evaporites. Eastward, the ramp passes to the reefal Pelagian Platform extending as far as Lampedusa.;Two main sedimentary cycles are distinguished: 1) an early Messinian siliciclastic retrogradational then oolitic/bioclastic progradational cycle (Beni Khiar Formation and lower Oued bel Khedim Formation): 2) a late Messinian brackish to continental cycle that probably accumulated in rapidly subsiding lagoons (Cued el Bir Formation and upper Oued bel Khedim Formation). The Tunisian early Messinian cycle is partly eustatically controlled, but the late Messinian cycle cannot be confidently correlated to other well-known Messinian series because of tectonic movements.;The lower Messinian deposits of Tunisia are also characterized by abundant suspension-feeding organisms (molluscs and bryozoans) and rare corals, calcareous algae, echinoids, and larger benthic foraminifers. The proposed palaeoenvironmental model shows that the lower Messinian ramp of Tunisia was located on a current-protected margin and subjected to continent-derived sediment and nutrient supply. Eastward, nutrient influx diminished and a shallow-water isolated carbonate platform with coralgal facies developed between the western and the eastern Mediterranean basins. The main hydrological connection between these two basins occurred through a narrow seaway situated to the northeast of the Pelagian Platform, south of Sicily and Malta

    Environmental changes, climate and anthropogenic impact in south-east Tunisia during the last 8-kyr

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    Pollen and clay mineralogical analyses of a Holocene sequence from Sebkha Boujmel (southern Tunisia) trace the climatic and environmental dynamics in the lower arid bioclimatic zone over the last 8000 years. During the mid- to late Holocene transition, between ca. 8 and 3aEuro-kaaEuro-BP, a succession of five wet-dry oscillations is recorded. An intense arid event occurs between ca. 5.7 and 4.6aEuro-kaaEuro-BP. This episode marks the onset of a long-term aridification trend with a progressive retreat of Mediterranean woody xerophytic vegetation and of grass steppes. It ends with the establishment of pre-desert ecosystems around 3aEuro-kaaEuro-BP. The millennial-scale climate change recorded in the data from Sebkha Boujmel is consistent with records from the south and east Mediterranean, as well as with climatic records from the desert region for the end of the African Humid Period (AHP). Eight centennial climatic events are recorded at Sebkha Boujmel and these are contemporary with those recorded in the Mediterranean and in the Sahara. They indicate a clear coupling between the southern Mediterranean and the Sahara before 3aEuro-kaaEuro-BP. The event at 4.2aEuro-kaaEuro-BP is not evidenced and the link between events recorded in Sebkha Boujmel and the North Atlantic cooling events is clearer from ca. 3aEuro-kaaEuro-BP onwards. These variations indicate the importance of climatic determinism in the structuring of landscapes, with the establishment of the arid climatic conditions of the late Holocene. It is only from ca. 3aEuro-kaaEuro-BP onwards that the dynamic of plant associations is modified by both human activity and climatic variability. The climatic episodes identified during the historic period indicate strong regionalisation related to the differential impact of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the Mediterranean Oscillation (MO) on the Mediterranean Basin. The local human impact on regional ecosystems is recorded in the form of episodes of intensification of pastoral and/or agricultural activities. The development of olive production and of several taxa associated with agriculture attest to increasing sedentism among human populations during classical antiquity. The significant increase in Artemisia (wormwood) between ca. 1.1 and 0.8aEuro-kaaEuro-BP (850-1150aEuro-AD) is linked to intensive pastoral activity, associated with heightened interannual and/or seasonal climatic instability. A complete reshaping of the landscape is recorded during the 20th century. The remarkable expansion of the olive tree, and the deterioration of regional ecosystems with the spread of desert species, is linked to recent local socio-economic changes in Tunisia

    Dynamiques des zones humides littorales et enjeux de gestion en Méditerranée

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    Ce numéro de Méditerranée interroge la diversité des relations actuelles entre les sociétés méditerranéennes et les différents milieux humides qui occupent un grand nombre d’espaces littoraux. Cette réflexion apparaît comme opportune à un moment où les enjeux de gestion entourant les zones humides littorales se trouvent à la croisée de changements écologiques, hydro-climatiques et géomorphologiques rapides et inédits liés aux activités anthropiques et de bouleversements géopolitiques régionaux récents. L’importance de ces écosystèmes est écologique, économique mais également historique et scientifique. Si les lagunes ont une forte valeur économique et tiennent une place notable dans l’histoire des rivages méditerranéens, les marais maritimes ont eux un intérêt pour la reconstitution des paléo-milieux grâce aux indicateurs qu’ils peuvent offrir pour la connaissance de l’évolution récente des rivages ainsi que pour les approches prospectives dans une conjoncture d’élévation du niveau marin. Les contributions rassemblées concernent principalement les pays du Maghreb, mais également une région plus rarement étudiée telle que le littoral Albanais. Les thèmes abordés sont relatifs à l’évolution des paléopaysages côtiers ainsi qu’aux impacts anthropiques actuels que subissent les zones humides littorales mais ils mettent aussi en évidence le rôle que peuvent jouer ces milieux dans les économies locales
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