Financial Inclusion Strategies For Inclusive Growth In India

The two decades of post reform period in India witnessed transformation of the economy in to a higher growth plane signaling the arrival of the country in the global stage. But this robust growth failed to translate the economic well being of the large number of marginalized and excluded sections due to structural rigidities. For economic growth of a nation to be sustainable, it requires all sections of the society included and participates in the growth process. One of the many alternative strategies available for Inclusive Growth is through developing an Inclusive Financial System. Financial inclusion is useful to facilitate economic transaction, manage day today resources, improve quality of life, protect against vulnerability, make productivity enhancing investments and leverage assets. But the indicators of financial use in the country are very poor and there is wide inequality among different sections of the society, between rural and urban areas and between geographical areas. In this context, the paper builds the case for developing inclusive financial system for achieving inclusive economic growth in India. The rationale for inclusive financial system, taking banking services to the vulnerable sections, role of micro finance institutions in spreading financial literacy and the role of technology in taking financial services available & affordable to the poor are discussed in the paper

Financial Inclusion Strategies For Inclusive Growth In India

The two decades of post reform period in India witnessed transformation of the economy in to a higher growth plane signaling the arrival of the country in the global stage. But this robust growth failed to translate the economic well being of the large number of marginalized and excluded sections due to structural rigidities. For economic growth of a nation to be sustainable, it requires all sections of the society included and participates in the growth process. One of the many alternative strategies available for Inclusive Growth is through developing an Inclusive Financial System. Financial inclusion is useful to facilitate economic transaction, manage day today resources, improve quality of life, protect against vulnerability, make productivity enhancing investments and leverage assets. But the indicators of financial use in the country are very poor and there is wide inequality among different sections of the society, between rural and urban areas and between geographical areas. In this context, the paper builds the case for developing inclusive financial system for achieving inclusive economic growth in India. The rationale for inclusive financial system, taking banking services to the vulnerable sections, role of micro finance institutions in spreading financial literacy and the role of technology in taking financial services available & affordable to the poor are discussed in the paper

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Not AvailableQuality changes of vacuum packed Black Pomfret (Parastromateus niger) and Pearlspot (Etroplus suratensis) treated with sodium acetate and potassium sorbate, respectively, and subsequently stored in vacuum packs in ice during chill storage were evaluated by measuring the volatile base nitrogen values, K-values and sensory parameters. The effects of sodium acetate (2 % w / v) and potassium sorbate (2 % w / v) dip treatments on vacuum packed Black Pomfret and Pearlspot were also examined. Total volatile base nitrogen values were found to increase slowly with time, whereas the K-values were found to increase linearly with time in samples of both the species and exceeded the acceptability limit on the day of sensory rejection. The K-values, representing the ratio between the sum of inosine and hypoxanthine to the sum of all other ATP breakdown products, was found to be a more reliable method for estimation of the quality of fresh/preserved fish. Sodium acetate/potassium sorbate dip treated and vacuum packed Black Pomfret and Pearlspot exhibited lower K-values compared to untreated samples. Treated vacuum packed samples of Black Pomfret were found to be in good and acceptable condition up to 16 days whereas treated vacuum packed samples of pearlspot remained in good condition up to 15 days compared to vacuum packed and air packed samples which were acceptable only up to 10 and 8 days, respectively. The sensory characteristics correlated well with the K-values for both the species.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableThe effect of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) at different gas concentration on chill stored pearl spot (Etroplus suratensis Bloch) was examined by means of nucleotide degradation and sensory evaluation. K value, a quality index for fish, the ratio of the sum of inosine and hypoxanthine to the sum of ATP and related catabolites expressed as a percentage, was determined until sensory rejection during storage up to 23 days at 0 - 20C. The C02 concentration did not affect the K values of pearl spot. K value increased linearly in samples stored under air and four different modified atmospheres. Identical K values were obtained for Pearl spot packed in either aerobic or carbon dioxide modified atmosphere. K values were independent of sensory spoilage and correlate only with the length of storage of pearl spot packed under MAP.Not Availabl

Global urban environmental change drives adaptation in white clover

Urbanization transforms environments in ways that alter biological evolution. We examined whether urban environmental change drives parallel evolution by sampling 110,019 white clover plants from 6169 populations in 160 cities globally. Plants were assayed for a Mendelian antiherbivore defense that also affects tolerance to abiotic stressors. Urban-rural gradients were associated with the evolution of clines in defense in 47% of cities throughout the world. Variation in the strength of clines was explained by environmental changes in drought stress and vegetation cover that varied among cities. Sequencing 2074 genomes from 26 cities revealed that the evolution of urban-rural clines was best explained by adaptive evolution, but the degree of parallel adaptation varied among cities. Our results demonstrate that urbanization leads to adaptation at a global scale