Chemical Beneficiation of Low Grade Coal - A Review

India is having large reserves of low grade coals. The use of low-grade coal in various industries like power plants, metallurgical plants, cement units etc. leads to environ-mental pollution because of generation of large amount of solid and gaseous pollutants. Therefore, it is of impor-tance paramount to clean the coal before its utilization. There are a number of upgrading technologies to produce clean coal. The current paper reviews demineralization aspects by physical and chemical beneficiation of high ash and/ sulfur containing coal.Physical beneficiation of coal is not very effective in separation of the finely dispersed minerals, whereas chemical beneficiation uses expensive reagents and leads to generation of large amount of waste-water which needs to be purified before discharge. Thus, a combined approach consisting of physical and chemical cleaning of coal appears to have a potential for. signifi-cant reduction of ash with less investment while generat-ing less polluting wastewater

Solvent Extraction and Separation of Trivalent Lanthanides Using Cyphos IL 104, a Novel Phosphonium Ionic Liquid as Extractant

Solvent extraction of trivalent lanthanides from chloride solution using a novel ionic liquid Cyphos IL 104 (trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium bis-2,4,4-(trimethylpentyl) phosphinate or [R4PA]) has been investigated, while comparing the results with that of its precursors trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium chloride [R4PCl or Cyphos IL 101], Cyanex 272 [HA] and their equimolar mixture. The results also indicate very high extractability of Cyphos IL 104 toward trivalent lanthanides. Unlike the conventional acidic extractants, extraction of trivalent lanthanides with Cyphos IL 104 increases the equilibrium pH of the aqueous phase due to the preferential extraction of acid over the lanthanide ions. Extraction mechanism has been established by studying the extraction of neodymium(III) with the ionic liquid as a function of the concentrations of Cyphos IL 104 and chloride ions. Separation studies of trivalent lanthanides from a mixed solution containing 1 × 10−4M each of La, Nd, Gd, and Lu with Cyphos IL 104 or Cyanex 272 indicate that Cyphos IL 104 is a better extractant in terms of extraction coefficient, but Cyanex 272 exhibits better selectivity toward heavier lanthanides. The prospects of stripping and regeneration of ionic liquid (Cyphos IL 104) have also been discussed in the present study

Poboljšanje slike i vrednovanje radnih značajki korištenjem raznih filtara na daljinski mjerene podatke IRS-P6 satelita Liss IV

This paper presents fast and effective filtering techniques for image enhancement from remote sensing Indian remote sensing satellite P6 Liss IV remotely sensed data like Near-Infrared band. There are four filtering techniques used for image enhancement based on spatial domain filters and frequency domain filters such as median filter, wiener filter, bilateral filter and Gaussian homomorphic filter and selected noises salt and pepper and Gaussian noise used with filter. Selected images tested with each filter and based on PSNR performance metric value and best filtering technique identified from these filters. Finally, Gaussian homomorphic filtering technique is suitable for image enhancement of the Liss IV remotely sensed Near-Infrared band. Image enhancement technique is preprocessing for future work such as edge detection and image segmentation.U radu su prikazane brze i učinkovite tehnike filtriranja za poboljšanje slike iz podataka u bliskom infracrvenom području dobivenih indijskim satelitom za daljinska istraživanja P6 Liss IV. Korištene su četiri tehnike filtriranja temeljene na filtrima u prostornoj i frekvencijskoj domeni kao što su: medijan filtar, Wiener filtar, bilateralni filtar i gaussovski homomorfni filtar uz odabrane šumove “salt and pepper” i gaussovski šum s filtrom. Odabrane slike testirane su sa svakim od filtera te je na temelju metričke vrijednosti PSNR (Peak Signal Noise Ratio) radne značajke prepoznata najbolja tehnika filtriranja. Konačno se pokazalo da je gaussovska homomorfna tehnika filtriranja prikladna za poboljšanje slika dobivenih pomoću satelita Liss IV u bliskom infracrvenom području. Tehnika poboljšanja slike je predobrada za budući rad, kao što je detekcija ruba i segmentacija slike

Solvent extraction and separation of copper and zinc from a pickling solution

Solvent extraction studies of copper and zinc have been carried out using Versatic 10 acid and Cyanex 272 separately from a model brass pickle liquor. Various parameters for the extraction and separation of copper and zinc such as effect of pH, extractant concentration, phase ratio etc. have been optimized. It was observed that copper was almost completely extracted into the organic phase comprising of 30% Versatic 10 acid at the equilibrium pH of 5.0 using the phase ratio of 1:1 whereas, zinc extraction was noticed at above pH 5.0. On the other hand the pH0.5 values were 3.5 and 4.6 for zinc and copper respectively with 20% Cyanex 272. The difference in pH0.5 value of 1.10 indicated the possible separation of Zn and Cu. By McCabe Thiele diagram number of stages required for the counter current extraction of copper and zinc has been determined for both the solvents. The stripping study showed that 1 mol/L H2SO4 was sufficient to strip metal ions in a single contact from each of the extractant

Processing of a Waste Stream for Separation and Recovery of Copper and Zinc

Solvent extraction studies of copper and zinc have been carried out using Cyanex 272 and LIX 984N separately from a model waste stream of brass pickling. Various parameters for the extraction and separation of copper and zinc such as effect of pH, extractant concentration, phase ratio etc. have been optimized. The results show that extraction of copper and zinc from solution after acid extraction increased with increase in pH and their pH0.5 values were found to be 3.5 and 4.6, and 2.5 and 5.5 with Cyanex 272 and LIX 984N, respectively; LIX 984N showed greater selectivity for copper compared to zinc. By McCabe Thiele diagram number of stages required for the counter current extraction of copper and zinc has been determined for each of the solvents. The stripping study showed that 1 mol/L H2SO4 was sufficient to strip metal ions from both the extractants. An attempt was made to prepare high value products such as copper powder and zinc oxide from the loaded or stripped solution which could be imminently suitable for various P/M and other application

Role of autogenic relaxation in management of diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in type II diabetes mellitus patients

Background: Cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is a very common complication of Type II diabetes mellitus patients. Early detection and treatment of CAN is necessary for reduction of mortality and morbidity in type II diabetes patients.Methods: The study included 120 diagnosed cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus with autonomic neuropathy both male & female, with more than 5 years duration of disease. Age group of the study subjects was between 30 – 70 years. All the 120 diabetic subjects were assessed for their heart rate variability. These 120 diabetic subjects were further divided in two groups by sealed envelope technique, with 60 subjects in each group. Subjects in Group I (Study group) were given relaxation therapy in the form of Rajyoga meditation, as guided by Rajyoga teachers. This group was asked to continue drug therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus as prescribed by physician. On other hand, Group II (Control group) was given drug therapy as directed by physician but without relaxation therapy. At the end of 12 weeks HRV parameters, were re-evaluated and compared between the two groups.Results: Post intervention, Heart Rate Variability results showed that mean RR interval was significantly increased, whereas mean HR was significantly decreased in group I than in group II. All Time Domain parameters (i.e SDNN, RMSSD, NN50, pNN50 & Variance) were significantly increased in group I than in group II. The Frequency Domain parameter i.e LF/HF ratio was significantly decreased in group I than in group II. Thus the results showed that Raj Yoga meditation had a beneficial effect by improving the HRV parameters in diabetic patients with autonomic neuropathy.Conclusions: The study showed there is better improvement in all parameters of HRV in group I as compared to group II with the help of simple yet effective technique of Rajyoga meditation in type II diabetes mellitus patients with cardiac autonomic neuropathy

A Case of Inferior Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Ventricular Septal Rupture Leading to Cardiogenic Shock: Tandem Heart to the Rescue!

Ventricular septal rupture (VSR) is a rare but life-threatening complication of acute myocardial infarction. We present a case of VSR-related refractory cardiogenic shock that was successfully managed with TandemHeart® followed by surgical repair

An Assessment of Skin Diseases in People and Their Quality of Life in Bundelkhand Region of Uttar Pradesh

Background: Skin diseases occur in all age groups in developed and developing countries. Various types of skin diseases are found worldwide and depend on factors like environment, surrounding ecology, dietary habits, socioeconomic status, mental health, and literacy. Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) improves after treatment or cure of the diseases. Objectives: To estimate the pattern of skin disease. To find out the quality of life and association of skin disease with sociodemographic factors among patients. Methods: This observational cross-sectional study was done in skin OPD at the tertiary care center, Banda district of Uttar Pradesh, India from May 2022 to July 2022. All patients who attended to skin OPD during study period were included in the study after taking informed verbal consent. Results: Skin diseases had further divided in subcategories which were infectious conditions, pigmentary disorders, inflammatory dermatoses, miscellaneous skin conditions, benign tumor and other lesions with their percentage 44.8, 10.5, 28.6, 7.1, 2.9 and 6.2%, respectively in this study Classes of DQLI where major portion of patients (49.52%) were in ‘Small effect on patient’s life’ category. The relation of age, religion, education and member of household with history of skin disease were found to be highly statistically significant. Conclusion: Infectious skin diseases were found more common in study area. Male populations were more commonly affected. Skin diseases were more common in age group of 18–60 years. Study participants showed no predominant effect on quality of life. But small effect class had major effect on participant’s quality of life