Bargaining in Stationary Networks

We study an infinite horizon game in which pairs of players connected in a network are randomly matched to bargain. Players who reach agreement are replaced by new players at the same positions in the network. We show that all equilibria are payoff equivalent. The payoffs and the set of agreement links converge as players become patient. Several new concepts—mutually estranged sets, partners, and shortage ratios—provide insights into the relative strengths of the positions in the network. We develop a procedure to determine the limit equilibrium payoffs for all players. Characterizations of equitable and nondiscriminatory networks are also obtained. (JEL C78, D85)

FISCAL ASPECTS REGARDING TAXING THE INCOMES OF NON�RESIDENTS IN ROMANIA

The tax on the non�residents incomes has become a more present issue, because the new economical and political conjuncture, and especially because of the European one, the foreign companies intending to invest more in Romania. Through Romania�s adhering to the European Union the volume of foreign investments in Romania knew an important increase, and, implicitly, the incomes obtained by non� residents from the activities unfolded in Romania, having as consequence the increase of the tax volumes cashed from this sector. This under the conditions of a favorable fiscal treatment applied to the investors from the European Union compared to the non�residents from the extra�communitarian area. The problem of the tax applied to the incomes of the non�residents knows a few important changes, brought by Romania�s adhering to the European Union, such as, for example, those regarding the tax levels and tax exemption, the new Fiscal Code basing on protecting the residents from the states members of the European Union and on avoiding double international taxing. The specialized international organisms reached to the conclusion that the optimal solution for avoiding double taxing is represented by concluding bilateral or multilateral conventions between states, their disposals having the role to clarify the status of the residents involved in different economical activities in other states We present below the approached problems together with the new changes in force starting with January 1st 2009.non�resident, incomes, tax, double taxing, residence

Markov equilibria in a model of bargaining in networks

We study the Markov perfect equilibria (MPEs) of an infinite horizon game in which pairs of players connected in a network are randomly matched to bargain. Players who reach agreement are removed from the network without replacement. We establish the existence of MPEs and show that MPE payoffs are not necessarily unique. A method for constructing pure strategy MPEs for high discount factors is developed. For some networks, we find that all MPEs are asymptotically inefficient as players become patient

Bargaining and efficiency in networks

We study an infinite horizon game in which pairs of players connected in a network are randomly matched to bargain over a unit surplus. Players who reach agreement are removed from the network without replacement. The global logic of efficient matchings and the local nature of bargaining, in combination with the irreversible exit of player pairs following agreements, create severe hurdles to the attainment of efficiency in equilibrium. For many networks all Markov perfect equilibria of the bargaining game are inefficient, even as players become patient. We investigate how incentives need to be structured in order to achieve efficiency via subgame perfect, but non-Markovian, equilibria. The analysis extends to an alternative model in which individual players are selected according to some probability distribution, and a chosen player can select a neighbor with whom to bargain

ACCUMULATION COEFFICIENT OF PB IN SOILS FROM ZLATNA AREA

Activity of Zlatna floating and smelting factory causes the soil loading with heavy metals, especially with Pb and Cu. Inthe area of Zlatna smelting influence, the assessment of soil loading degree with Pb was made using accumulationcoefficient. The content of total Pb was studied on 30 soil profiles. The most of the sites are located on the direction ofprevailing winds. The soil samples were taken from each soil horizons. The total Pb content was measured with atomicabsorption spectrometer and was extracted by a mixture of strong acids (hydrochloric, sulphuric and perchloric acid -5:10:1 ratio). This coefficient ranges from 1.25 to 49.4. Average values of this coefficient in studied area were 9.7.Median concentration was 7.1 and percentiles of 75% and 90% were 11.9 and respectively 19.8. General trend of Pbaccumulation coefficient decreased with distance from processing plant. Pb accumulation was strong influenced by typeof land uses and type of soils

The use of computational fluid dynamics applications to various flow problems

To deal with any such applications, it is a must to understand the basic form and nature of the governing equations of fluid dynamics. It is imperious to fully understand the basic of numerical discretization that can be applied in equations. This paper aims to present some CFD tools that are the starting point in solving problems related to the field of fluid dynamics. During this work, we will note that anyone CFD technique will not be appropriate for all problems and the diverse mathematical nature of partial differential equations will ensure that some algorithms will best work for hyperbolic equations and others will do best for elliptic equations. In addition, this paper examines precisely how CFD techniques can be used to solve various flow problems. In other words, CFD applications requires the simultaneous knowledge of some major aspects, such as the governing flow equations and their mathematical behavior, aspects of numerical discretization of partial differential equations, also known as finite differences or of integral equations, known as finite volumes. Computational fluid dynamics has a major impact on airplane design and soon to be a critical technology for aerodynamic design with the purpose to enhance the design process for any machine that deals with fluid flow

INVESTIGATIONS RELATED TO THE OPPORTUNITY OF USING FURNACE SLAG IN THE COMPOSITION OF ROAD CEMENT CONCRETE

BFS blast furnace slag presentation of the challenges and opportunities is related to the use as a substitute of Portland cement, respectively of natural sand in the composition of road cement concretes. The inclusion of BFS in the composition of road concrete is an ecological approach from the point of view of reducing the consumption of non-renewable materials. A rational design of road concrete composition requires knowledge of the physical-mechanical properties of BSF with favorable and unfavorable impact on the durability of road concrete. Aspects of the impact of the quality of GGBS granulated and ground blast furnace slag as well as the properties of ACBFS air-cooled blast furnace slag crushed aggregates were analyzed in this article. Although all the physical-mechanical properties books are suitable for the slag powders inclusion in the road concretes composition, the high content of CaO-free and C3A limits the substitution of cement with GGBS to prevent the occurrence of degradation during the exploitation period. ACBFS aggregates have been proven to be non-reactive to alkalis in cement, thus being suitable for inclusion in road cement concrete compositions. The increased values of the water absorption coefficient, respectively of the fineness modulus of the ACBFS type aggregates compared to natural sand, the reduction of the workability of the road concrete and the increase of the water/binder ratio. Finally, for the design of road concrete compositions with slag, preliminary tests were carried out on three series of mixtures, in which Portland cement was replaced by 15% GGBS and natural sand by 25% and 50% ACBFS respectively. The optimal slag road concrete recipe was established based in: increased workability (an important characteristic of road concretes), a low water/binder ratio and a 7-day compressive strength close to the control sample

Cerium-based conversion films developed on LiAl-layered double hydroxide coatings for corrosion protection of AA7075 aluminum alloys

The paper presents several experimental results regarding the influence of various procedures applied to incorporate Ce species in hydrotalcite–type chemical conver­sion coatings on the overall corrosion performance for AA 7075 aluminum alloy as a metallic substrate. Two routes were envisaged: (i) chemical incorporation of Ce by immersion in cerium nitrate solutions and (ii) electrochemical deposition of hydro­phobic Ce - based layer involving ethanolic solutions of stearic acid and cerium nitrate. The chemical route involving immersion in cerium nitrate solutions led to the incorpo­ration of 2.46 – 6.84 wt.% Ce in the composition of the porous conversion layer. The electrochemical process facilitated the formation of a hydrophobic cerium stearate layer on porous hydrotalcite conversion coating showing water contact angles of about 132o and a higher Ce content incorporated of 6.55 – 9.73 wt.%. The corrosion performance of the Ce-based conversion coatings is also discussed