446 research outputs found
Poles in the -Matrix of Relativistic Chern-Simons Matter theories from Quantum Mechanics
An all orders formula for the -matrix for 2 2 scattering in
large N Chern-Simons theory coupled to a fundamental scalar has recently been
conjectured. We find a scaling limit of the theory in which the pole in this
-matrix is near threshold. We argue that the theory must be well described
by non-relativistic quantum mechanics in this limit, and determine the relevant
Schroedinger equation. We demonstrate that the -matrix obtained from this
Schroedinger equation agrees perfectly with this scaling limit of the
relativistic -matrix; in particular the pole structures match exactly. We
view this matching as a nontrivial consistency check of the conjectured field
theory -matrix.Comment: 12 pages, minor correction
Currents and Radiation from the large Black Hole Membrane
It has recently been demonstrated that black hole dynamics in a large number
of dimensions reduces to the dynamics of a codimension one membrane
propagating in flat space. In this paper we define a stress tensor and charge
current on this membrane and explicitly determine these currents at low orders
in the expansion in . We demonstrate that dynamical membrane
equations of motion derived in earlier work are simply conservation equations
for our stress tensor and charge current. Through the paper we focus on
solutions of the membrane equations which vary on a time scale of order unity.
Even though the charge current and stress tensor are not parametrically small
in such solutions, we show that the radiation sourced by the corresponding
membrane currents is generically of order . In this regime it
follows that the `near horizon' membrane degrees of freedom are decoupled from
asymptotic flat space at every perturbative order in the
expansion. We also define an entropy current on the membrane and use the
Hawking area theorem to demonstrate that the divergence of the entropy current
is point wise non negative. We view this result as a local form of the second
law of thermodynamics for membrane motion.Comment: 104 pages plus 69 pages appendix, 1 figure, Minor correction
ENHANCEMENT OF SKIN PERMEABILITY OF ECONAZOLE NITRATE USING NOVEL FLEXISOMAL NANOCARRIERS BY IMPLEMENTING QUALITY BY DESIGN (QBD) APPROACH
Objective: The purpose of this study was an implementation of quality by design (QbD) for the formulation and characterization of econazole nitrate loaded flexisomal nanocarriers (EN-FS) to improve antifungal activity and to enhance skin permeability.
Methods: Initially quality target product profile (QTTP) elements were identified and later critical quality attributes (CQA) elements were defined from QTPP elements. Particle size, entrapment efficiency and deformability index were defined as CQAs. Risk assessment was performed by using fishbone diagram and failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA). Design space was created by using fractional factorial design 25-2 as screening design and 32 full factorial design as optimization design to optimize two variables soya phosphatidylcholine concentration(X1) and sodium deoxycholate concentration (X2).
Results: Optimized batch of EN-FS was 249.5±3.48 nm, with entrapment efficiency of 88.6±0.89 % and deformability index of 31.75±0.98. Zeta potential analysis showed value of-22.5 mV. Morphological analysis by TEM showed spherical shaped flexisomes, which confirmed the vesicular characteristics. The optimized batch of EN-FS was further made into hydrogels by using sepineo P600 as gelling agent. The % drug diffusion of EN-FS hydrogels had shown 24.68%. With higher skin deposition and higher value of zone of inhibition in antifungal study as compared to plain EN hydrogel. CLSM studies indicated deep penetration of EN-FS in skin layers. Lastly control strategy for EN-FS were developed.
Conclusion: It was concluded that EN-FS showed high flexibility and enhanced antifungal activity therefore found to be a potential nanocarriers for drug deposition in skin layers without disturbing skin integrity
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