Efficient and Selective Oxidation of Aromatic Amines to Azoxy Derivatives over Aluminium and Gallium Oxide Catalysts with Nanorod Morphology

Aluminium oxide and gallium oxide nanorods were identified as highly efficient heterogeneous catalysts for the selective oxidation of aromatic amines to azoxy compounds using hydrogen peroxide as environmentally friendly oxidant. This is the first report of the selective oxidation of aromatic amines to their azoxy derivatives without using transition metal catalysts. Among the tested transition-metal-free oxides, gallium oxide nanorods with small dimensions (9-52 nm length and 3-5 nm width) and fully accessible, high surface area (225 m(2) g(-1)) displayed the best catalytic performance in terms of substrate versatility, activity and azoxybenzene selectivity. Furthermore, the catalyst loading, hydrogen peroxide type (aqueous or anhydrous), and the amount of solvent were tuned to optimise the catalytic performance, which allowed reaching almost full selectivity (98 %) towards azoxybenzene at high aniline conversion (94 %). Reusability tests showed that the gallium oxide nanorod catalyst can be recycled in consecutive runs with complete retention of the original activity and selectivity

Dynamic PRA: an Overview of New Algorithms to Generate, Analyze and Visualize Data

State of the art PRA methods, i.e. Dynamic PRA (DPRA) methodologies, largely employ system simulator codes to accurately model system dynamics. Typically, these system simulator codes (e.g., RELAP5 ) are coupled with other codes (e.g., ADAPT, RAVEN that monitor and control the simulation. The latter codes, in particular, introduce both deterministic (e.g., system control logic, operating procedures) and stochastic (e.g., component failures, variable uncertainties) elements into the simulation. A typical DPRA analysis is performed by: 1. Sampling values of a set of parameters from the uncertainty space of interest 2. Simulating the system behavior for that specific set of parameter values 3. Analyzing the set of simulation runs 4. Visualizing the correlations between parameter values and simulation outcome Step 1 is typically performed by randomly sampling from a given distribution (i.e., Monte-Carlo) or selecting such parameter values as inputs from the user (i.e., Dynamic Event Tre

Perinatal transmission of human papilomavirus DNA

The purpose was to study the perinatal transmission of human papillomavirus DNA (HPV-DNA) in 63 mother-newborn pairs, besides looking at the epidemiological factors involved in the viral DNA transmission. The following sampling methods were used: (1) in the pregnant woman, when was recruited, in cervix and clinical lesions of the vagina, vulva and perineal region; (2) in the newborn, (a) buccal, axillary and inguinal regions; (b) nasopharyngeal aspirate, and (c) cord blood; (3) in the children, buccal was repeated in the 4th week and 6th and 12th month of life. HPV-DNA was identified using two methodologies: multiplex PCR (PGMY09 and MY11 primers) and nested-PCR (genotypes 6/11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 42, 52 and 58). Perinatal transmission was considered when concordance was found in type-specific HPV between mother/newborn or mother/child. HPV-DNA genital was detected in 49 pregnant women submitted to delivery. Eleven newborns (22.4%, n = 11/49) were HPV-DNA positive. In 8 cases (16.3%, n = 8/49) there was type specific HPV concordance between mother/newborn samples. At the end of the first month of life three children (6.1%, n = 3/49) became HPV-DNA positive, while two remained positive from birth. In 3 cases (100%, n = 3/3) there was type specific HPV concordance between mother/newborn samples. In the 6th month, a child (2%, n = 1/49) had become HPV-DNA positive between the 1st and 6th month of life, and there was type specific HPV concordance of mother/newborn samples. All the HPV-DNA positive children (22.4%, n = 11/49) at birth and at the end first month of life (6.1%, n = 3/49) became HPV-DNA negative at the age of 6 months. The HPV-DNA positive child (2%, n = 1/49) from 1st to the 6th month of life became HPV-DNA negative between the 6th and 12th month of life and one child had anogenital warts. In the twelfth month all (100%, n = 49/49) the children studied were HPV-DNA negative. A positive and significant correlation was observed between perinatal transmission of HPV-DNA and the immunodepression of maternal variables (HIV, p = 0.007). Finally, the study suggests that perinatal transmission of HPV-DNA occurred in 24.5% (n = 12/49) of the cases studied

Transplacental transmission of Human Papillomavirus

This paper aimed at studying the transplacental transmission of HPV and looking at the epidemiological factors involved in maternal viral infection. The following sampling methods were used: (1) in the pregnant woman, (a) genital; (b) peripheral blood; (2) in the newborn, (a) oral cavity, axillary and inguinal regions; (b) nasopharyngeal aspirate, and (c) cord blood; (3) in the placenta. The HPV DNA was identified using two methods: multiplex PCR of human β-globin and of HPV using the PGMY09 and PGMY11 primers; and nested-PCR, which combines degenerated primers of the E6/E7 regions of the HPV virus, that allowed the identification of genotypes 6/11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 42, 52 and 58. Transplacental transmission was considered when type-specific HPV concordance was found between the mother, the placenta and the newborn or the mother and cord blood. The study included 49 HPV DNA-positive pregnant women at delivery. Twelve placentas (24.5%, n = 12/49) had a positive result for HPV DNA. Eleven newborn were HPV DNA positive in samples from the nasopharyngeal or buccal and body or cord blood. In 5 cases (10.2%, n = 5/49) there was HPV type-specific agreement between genital/placenta/newborn samples. In one case (2%, n = 1/49) there was type specific HPV concordance between genital/cord blood and also suggested transplacental transmission. A positive and significant correlation was observed between transplacental transmission of HPV infection and the maternal variables of immunodepression history (HIV, p = 0.011). In conclusion the study suggests placental infection in 23.3% of the cases studied and transplacental transmission in 12.2%. It is suggested that in future HPV DNA be researched in the normal endometrium of women of reproductive age. The possible consequence of fetal exposure to HPV should be observed

Condições meteorológicas e sua influência na vindima de 2011 no Rio Grande do Sul.

bitstream/item/48496/1/Comunicado-Tecnico-108.pd

High surface area, nanostructured boehmite and alumina catalysts:Synthesis and application in the sustainable epoxidation of alkenes

We report a new, straightforward and inexpensive sol-gel route to prepare boehmite nanorods [gamma-AlO(OH)-NR] with an average length of 23 nm +/- 3 nm, an average diameter of 2 nm +/- 0.3 nm and a high specific surface area of 448 m(2)/g, as evidenced by TEM and N-2-physisorption, respectively. The boehmite was converted to gamma-alumina with preserved nanorod morphology (gamma-Al2O3-NR) and high surface area upon calcination either at 400 or 600 degrees C. These nanostructured materials are active and selective heterogeneous catalysts for the epoxidation of alkenes with the environmentally friendly H2O2. The best catalyst, gamma-Al2O3-NR-400, showed to be versatile in the scope of alkenes that could be converted selectively to their epoxide and displayed enhanced reusability compared to previously reported alumina catalysts. Furthermore, the catalytic performance of the material was enhanced by optimising the reaction conditions such as the solvent and the type of hydrogen peroxide source. Under the optimised reaction conditions, the gamma-Al2O3-NR-400 catalyst displayed 58% cyclooctene oxide yield after 4h of reaction at 80 degrees C with full selectivity towards the epoxide product. The correlation between the catalytic activity of these materials and their physicochemical properties such as surface area, hydrophilicity and number and type of acid sites was critically discussed based on a detailed characterisation study

Produtividade de videiras Moscato Giallo sob cultivo protegido.

Este trabalho teve por objetivos avaliar a influência da cobertura plástica impermeável sobre o potencial e a estabilidade de produção, considerando a análise dos componentes de rendimento da cultivar Moscato Giallo (Vitis vinifera).bitstream/item/31569/1/cot101.pd

Fenologia e requerimento térmico de videira sob cobertura plástica.

O objetivo desse trabalho foi caracterizar a fenologia e o requerimento térmico da videira Vitis vinifera L., cv. Moscato Giallo sob cobertura plástica, nas condições da Serra Gaúcha.bitstream/CNPUV-2009-09/10531/1/cot093.pd

O cultivo da videira: informações básicas.

bitstream/item/87140/1/o-cultivo.pdfEsta publicação tem dois exemplares editados em anos diferentes:m 1984 e 1996

Caracterização micrometeorológica de vinhedos cultivados sob cobertura plástica na Serra Gaúcha.

Alterações microclimáticas em vinhedos, provocadas pelo uso de cobertura plástica, interferem na fisiologia das plantas e na incidência de doenças fúngicas em videiras. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência da cobertura plástica no microclima de vinhedos, em particular na qualidade da radiação solar. O experimento foi conduzido nos ciclos 2005/06 e 2006/07, em Flores da Cunha, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), em um vinhedo de ?Moscato Giallo? conduzido em Y, com cobertura plástica impermeável (160 mm) sobre 12 fileiras com 35 m, deixando-se cinco fileiras sem cobertura (controle). Em ambas as áreas, avaliou-se o microclima quanto à temperatura do ar, umidade relativa do ar, radiação fotossinteticamente ativa e velocidade do vento, próximo ao dossel vegetativo e aos cachos. Medições contínuas foram efetuadas utilizando sensores e sistemas automáticos de aquisição de dados. Alterações na qualidade da radiação solar incidente sobre o dossel vegetativo, no espectro de 300 a 750 nm, foram avaliadas por meio de medições durante cinco dias, com espectroradiômetro. A cobertura plástica impermeável à água sobre as fileiras das plantas aumentou a temperatura do ar e diminuiu a radiação fotossinteticamente ativa e a velocidade do vento. A cobertura interferiu na qualidade da radiação solar incidente, principalmente reduzindo a irradiância na faixa do ultravioleta e a razão entre a radiação nas faixas do vermelho e vermelho-distante.bitstream/CNPUV-2009-09/11571/1/bop014.pdfISSN 1981-1004