Pencarian Pengganti Kayu Jelutung (Dyera Spp.) untuk Bahan Baku Batang Pensil

The importance of suitable wood for pencil slat is primarily for school children under eight years old who still not have sufficient skill in taking care themselves from the danger of using sharp tools. Jelutung wood has been the main source of pencil slat in Indonesia for about 20 years. It can easily be peeled with pencil sharpener specially designed for children USAge. However, the supply of jelutung wood is no longer sufficent to meet the rising demand of pencil slat. It is therefore necessary to search for alternative.Experiment with pulai (Alstonia spp) which has nearly the same physical properties with jelutung showed lower pencil quality. Pencils made of pulai are generally more difficult to peel with pencil sharpener. The main cause lies in the anatomical structure of wood. Parenchyma distribution patterm in pulai are tangentially banded, with frequency ranges from 1 - 4 bands per mm radially. Parenchyma distribution pattern in jelutung are scalariform or diffuse in agregate, forming short tangential lines between the rays, with frequency ranges from 6 - 9 lines per mm radially.Bayur (Pterospermum spp) is known to has parenchyma distribution pattern similar to jelutung 's. Experiment with P.celebicum, P.elongatum, P.javanicum and P.diversifolium with sample specific gravity up to 0.50 showed easy peelability. Morever the colour of wood is pink to red brown so it does not need staining with colour substance as usually being done for jelutung and pulai. It is therefore recommeded to use bayur as jelutung substitute in pencil manufacturing. However, to guarantee the continuity of supply, bayur is need to be planted from now on. For bayur is suitable, not only for pencil slat but also for many other purposes

PENCARIAN PENGGANTI KAYU JELUTUNG (Dyera spp.) UNTUK BAHAN BAKU BATANG PENSIL

The importance of suitable wood for pencil slat is primarily for school children under eight years old who still not have sufficient skill in taking care themselves from the danger of using sharp tools. Jelutung wood has been the main source of pencil slat in Indonesia for about 20 years. It can easily be peeled with pencil sharpener specially designed for children usage. However, the supply of jelutung wood is no longer sufficent to meet the rising demand of pencil slat. It is therefore necessary to search for alternative. Experiment with pulai (Alstonia spp) which has nearly the same physical properties with jelutung showed lower pencil quality. Pencils made of pulai are generally more difficult to peel with pencil sharpener. The main cause lies in the anatomical structure of wood. Parenchyma distribution patterm in pulai are tangentially banded, with frequency ranges from 1 - 4 bands per mm radially. Parenchyma distribution pattern in jelutung are scalariform or diffuse in agregate, forming short tangential lines between the rays, with frequency ranges from 6 - 9 lines per mm radially. Bayur (Pterospermum spp) is known to has parenchyma distribution pattern similar to jelutung 's. Experiment with P.celebicum, P.elongatum, P.javanicum and P.diversifolium with sample specific gravity up to 0.50 showed easy peelability. Morever the colour of wood is pink to red brown so it does not need staining with colour substance as usually being done for jelutung and pulai. It is therefore recommeded to use bayur as jelutung substitute in pencil manufacturing. However, to guarantee the continuity of supply, bayur is need to be planted from now on. For bayur is suitable, not only for pencil slat but also for many other purposes. Key words : Pterospermum. wood anatomy, pencil sla

Anatomi Delapan Jenis Kayu Kurang Dikenal Dari Suku Flacourtiaceae Sampai Juglandaceae (Wood Anatomy of Eight Lesser Known Wood Species of Flacouriiaceae to Juglandaceae)

Gross and anatomical features of eight lesser known wood species belongs to 5 families from Flacourtiaceae to Juglandaceae were observed and described for identification purposes. Fiber dimension were also measured for evaluation of their suitability for pulp. Septate fibers, vessels in radial multiples. some ray longitudinallyfused are the main characters of Homalium and Trichadenia (Flacourtiaceae). Bucklandia and Distylium (Hamamelidaceae) are characterized by small and polygonal vessel, scalariform perforation plate, and disjunctive end wall at upright ray cells. Urandra and Platea (Icacinaceae) are characterized by two type of ray width, fibers with distinctly bordered pit, scalariform perforation plate.and yellowish wood colour. Four species contain fibers with medium quality for pulp (Engelhardtia spicata, Bucklandia triscuspis, Platea latifolia, and Trichadenia philippinensis). The rest four species contain fibers with poor quality. Trichadenia philippinensis is the only one among eight wood species examined which has decorative appearance : moderatelyfine texture, bright yellow in colour and considerable high density. It is thereforepossible to be used as "ramin" substitute

Structural Survey and Artificial Induction of Aloeswood

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ANATOMI DAN IDENTIFIKASI SEPULUH JENIS KAYU DARI SULAWESI UTARA

Gross  and anatomical features of ten wood species from North Sulawesi were observed and described. Two of them hove light colour and considerable hard, and therefore recommended for ramin substitute. They are Pangium edule and Neonauclea sp. For  identification   purposes  several  important  features  were  noted:  oil  cell  in  Elmerillia,  perforation  plate scalariform  in Elmerillia  and  Laplacea,  vertical septum  in axial parenchima  strand  of Serianthes,  fiber septate in Pangium, Aglaia and Desoxylum. Serianthes minahassae contain fiber with best quality. It is therefore recommended for pulpwood

ANATOMI DAN IDENTIFIKASI EMPAT BELAS JENIS KAYU DARI MALUKU

General and anatomical features  of fourteen   wood species from Maluku  were observed and described for  identification  purposes.  Except for  Heritiera littoralis Dryand  and Tarrietia riedeliana Oliv.,  all wood species could be distinguished  one from   the others based on anatomical characters. A  tentative  identification  key is presented

ANATOMI SEMBILAN JENIS KAYU KURANG DIKENAL DARI SUKU MELIACEAE (Wood anatomy of nine lesser known species of meliaceae family)

Gross and anatomical features of nine lesser known species of the Meliaceae family were observed and described for identification purposes. Fiber dimension were also measured for evaluation of their quality. Five out of nine species observed have decorative appearance, they are: Azadirachta indica, Dysoxylum acutangulum, Dysoxylum caulostachyum, Toona celebica and Toona sinensis. These wood species are therefore recommended for furniture or panel For identification purposes, several important features, were noted : a) vessels ring poreus in Melia dubia, Toona celebica and Toona sinensis , b) fiber septase in Agalia eusideroxylon, Amoora rubiginosa, Dysoxyluni. acutangulum and Dysoxylum caulostachyum; c).roy homocelular in Aglaia eusideroxylon and Azadirachta indica. Seven species contain fiber with medium qualily for pulp making purposes. Two species contain fiber wilh low quality. No single species contain fiber with high quality

ANATOMI TUJUH JENIS KAYU DARI MALUKU UTARA (Anatomy of Seven Wood Species from North Maluku)

Gross and anatomical fentures  of seven wood species from North Maluku were observed and described for  identification purposes. Fibre dimension were also measured and evaluated for  their suitability for pulp and paper. The colour of wood ranges from   white to brown, mostly plain without figure.  Only one species has decorative figure  on its surface, that is Dracontomelon sp.  So it is recommended for fancy veneer of plywood or for furniture. The main anatomical features  of each wood species are as folows : a) vessels are exlusively solitary and aranged in radial groups in Calophyllum inophyllum; a few  vesels are radially multiple up to seven cells in Heritiera sp.;  (b scalariform perforation plates present mainly  in  Elmerillia  sp.and   rarely  in  Horsfieldia  sylvestris;  c) parenchymma  bands  are present   in  Calophyllum  inophyllum, Horsfieldia   sylvestris and Elmerillia sp.  : d) rays uniseriate   in Calophyllum inophyllum;    e).fiber septate in Dracontomelon sp.; f) axical intercelular  canals are present  in Hopea sp.  and Shorea koordersii;  g) oil cells in Elmerillia sp.  and taniniferous  tube in Horsfieldia sylvestris. Five species contain fibres  with medium quality  (Horsfieldia sylvestris,   Dracontomelon  sp.,   Heritiera sp.,  Shorea  koordersii  and Elmerillia sp.). other species contain fibres with poor quality

Anatomi Tujuh Jenis Kayu Dari Maluku Utara (Anatomy of Seven Wood Species From North Maluku)

Gross and anatomical fentures of seven wood species from North Maluku were observed and described for identification purposes. Fibre dimension were also measured and evaluated for their suitability for pulp and paper.The colour of wood ranges from white to brown, mostly plain without figure. Only one species has decorative figure on its surface, that is Dracontomelon sp. So it is recommended for fancy veneer of plywood or for furniture.The main anatomical features of each wood species are as folows : a) vessels are exlusively solitary and aranged in radial groups in Calophyllum inophyllum; a few vesels are radially multiple up to seven cells in Heritiera sp.; (b scalariform perforation plates present mainly in Elmerillia sp.and rarely in Horsfieldia sylvestris; c) parenchymma bands are present in Calophyllum inophyllum, Horsfieldia sylvestris and Elmerillia sp. : d) rays uniseriate in Calophyllum inophyllum; e).fiber septate in Dracontomelon sp.; f) axical intercelular canals are present in Hopea sp. and Shorea koordersii; g) oil cells in Elmerillia sp. and taniniferous tube in Horsfieldia sylvestris.Five species contain fibres with medium quality (Horsfieldia sylvestris, Dracontomelon sp., Heritiera sp., Shorea koordersii and Elmerillia sp.). other species contain fibres with poor quality