Does the association of prostate cancer with night-shift work differ according to rotating vs. fixed schedule? A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Recent studies suggested that the relation between night-shift work and prostate cancer may differ between rotating and fixed schedules. Objectives: We aimed to quantify the independent association between night-shift work and prostate cancer, for rotating and fixed schedules. Methods: We searched MEDLINE for studies assessing the association of night-shift work, by rotating or fixed schedules, with prostate cancer. We computed summary relative risk (RR) estimates with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) using the inverse variance method and quantified heterogeneity using the I2 statistic. Meta-regression analysis was used to compare the summary RR estimates for rotating and fixed schedules, while reducing heterogeneity. Results: A total of nine studies assessed the effect of rotating and, in addition, four of them provided the effect of fixed night-shift work, in relation to daytime workers. Rotating night-shift work was associated with a significantly increased risk of prostate cancer (RR = 1.06, 95% CI of 1.01 to 1.12; I2 = 50%), but not fixed night-shift work (RR of 1.01, 95% CI of 0.81 to 1.26; I2 = 33%). In meta-regression model including study design, type of population, and control of confounding, the summary RR was 20% higher for rotating vs. fixed schedule, with heterogeneity fully explained by these variables. Conclusions: This is the first meta-analysis suggesting that an increased risk of prostate cancer may be restricted to workers with rotating night shifts. However, the association was weak and additional studies are needed to further clarify this relation before it can be translated into measures for risk reduction in occupational settings

Exercise Mode in Heart Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background Optimising exercise prescription in heart failure (HF) with a preserved (HFpEF) or reduced (HFrEF) ejection fraction is clinically important. As such, the aim of this meta-analysis was to compare traditional moderate intensity training (MIT) against combined aerobic and resistance training (CT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) for improving aerobic capacity (VO 2 ), as well as other clinically relevant parameters. Methods A comprehensive systematic search was performed to identify randomised controlled trials published between 1990 and May 2021. Research trials reporting the effects of MIT against CT or HIIT on peak VO 2 in HFpEF or HFrEF were considered. Left-ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and various markers of diastolic function were also analysed. Results Seventeen studies were included in the final analysis, 4 of which compared MIT against CT and 13 compared MIT against HIIT. There were no significant differences between MIT and CT for peak VO 2 (weighted mean difference [WMD]: 0.521 ml min ⁻¹ kg ⁻¹ , [95% CI] = − 0.7 to 1.8, P fixed = 0.412) or LVEF (WMD: − 1.129%, [95% CI] = − 3.8 to 1.5, P fixed = 0.408). However, HIIT was significantly more effective than MIT at improving peak VO 2 (WMD: 1.62 ml min ⁻¹ kg ⁻¹ , [95% CI] = 0.6–2.6, P random = 0.002) and LVEF (WMD: 3.24%, [95% CI] = 1.7–4.8, P random < 0.001) in HF patients. When dichotomized by HF phenotype, HIIT remained significantly more effective than MIT in all analyses except for peak VO 2 in HFpEF. Conclusions HIIT is significantly more effective than MIT for improving peak VO 2 and LVEF in HF patients. With the exception of peak VO 2 in HFpEF, these findings remain consistent in both phenotypes. Separately, there is no difference in peak VO 2 and LVEF change following MIT or CT, suggesting that the addition of resistance exercise does not inhibit aerobic adaptations in HF

Exercise mode in heart failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Optimising exercise prescription in heart failure (HF) with a preserved (HFpEF) or reduced (HFrEF) ejection fraction is clinically important. As such, the aim of this meta-analysis was to compare traditional moderate intensity training (MIT) against combined aerobic and resistance training (CT) and high intensity interval training (HIIT) for improving aerobic capacity (VO2), as well as other clinically relevant parameters. Methods: A comprehensive systematic search was performed to identify randomised controlled trials published between 1990 and May 2021. Research trials reporting the effects of MIT against CT or HIIT on peak VO2 in HFpEF or HFrEF were considered. Left-ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and various markers of diastolic function were also analysed. Results: 17 studies were included in the final analysis, 4 of which compared MIT against CT and 13 compared MIT against HIIT. There were no significant differences between MIT and CT for peak VO2 (WMD:0.521ml·min-1·kg-1, [95% CI] =-0.7-1.8, Pfixed=0.412) or LVEF (WMD:-1.129 %, [95%CI] =-3.8-1.5,Pfixed=0.408). However, HIIT was significantly more effective than MIT at improving peak VO2 (WMD:1.62 ml·min-1·kg-1, [95%CI] =0.6-2.6,Prandom=0.002) and LVEF (WMD:3.24 %, [95%CI] =1.7-4.8,Prandom<0.001) in HF patients. When dichotomized by HF phenotype, HIIT remained significantly more effective than MIT in all analyses except for peak VO2 in HFpEF. Conclusions: HIIT is significantly more effective than MIT for improving peak VO2 and LVEF in HF patients. With the exception of peak VO2 in HFpEF, these findings remain consistent in both phenotypes. Separately, there is no difference in peak VO2 and LVEF change following MIT or CT, suggesting the addition of resistance exercise does not inhibit aerobic adaptations in HF

Uso de diferentes gonadotrofinas na indução de estro em cabras Toggenburg.

Use of different gonadotrophins to induce estrus in Toggenburg goats

GLUT1-mediated glucose uptake plays a crucial role during Plasmodium hepatic infection.

Intracellular pathogens have evolved mechanisms to ensure their survival and development inside their host cells. Here, we show that glucose is a pivotal modulator of hepatic infection by the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei and that glucose uptake via the GLUT1 transporter is specifically enhanced in P. berghei-infected cells. We further show that ATP levels of cells containing developing parasites are decreased, which is known to enhance membrane GLUT1 activity. In addition, GLUT1 molecules are translocated to the membrane of the hepatic cell, increasing glucose uptake at later stages of infection. Chemical inhibition of GLUT1 activity leads to a decrease in glucose uptake and the consequent impairment of hepatic infection, both in vitro and in vivo. Our results reveal that changes in GLUT1 conformation and cellular localization seem to be part of an adaptive host response to maintain adequate cellular nutrition and energy levels, ensuring host cell survival and supporting P. berghei hepatic development

Intake and Performance of Yearling Steers Grazing Guineagrass (Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia) Pasture Supplemented with Different Energy Sources.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-02-25T23:23:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 sergioEffectsofthePatternofEnergySupplyontheEfficiencyofNitrogenUtilizationforMicrobialProteinSynthesisintheNonLSantanaetal20132646.pdf: 211493 bytes, checksum: 1205da89debf93c7b0f83fe64018e21f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-24201

Comportamento estral, dinâmica ovulatória e descarga de muco cervical em cabras Toggenburg submetidas à indução de estro com diferentes gonadotrofinas.

Este estudo avaliou os efeitos do uso de diferentes gonadotrofinas sobre a manifestação do estro, dinâmica ovulatória e características do muco cervical de cabras Toggenburg em anestro. As ovulações ocorreram na presença do muco 4. O FSH e a hCG, associados à progesterona, podem ser considerados para a indução de estro de cabras. O tipo de muco cervical está associado ao tamanho do folículo e à ovulação, podendo ser critério adicional na escolha do melhor momento para a inseminação artificial

Epicardial adipose tissue volume assessed by computed tomography and coronary artery disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the crude and adjusted associations between epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) volume determined by computed tomography (CT) and coronary artery disease (CAD). MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were screened for all observational studies assessing the association between EAT volume and CAD. We calculated pooled odds ratio (OR) or hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association per 10 cm3 variation of EAT by five different definitions of CAD: obstructive or significant coronary stenosis (luminal narrowing ≥50% and ≥70%, respectively), presence of coronary artery calcification (CAC), myocardial ischaemia, and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) using DerSimonian and Laird random-effects models. Seventy studies were identified comprising 41 534 subjects, mainly derived from community-based or hospital-based low-to-intermediate pretest probability of CAD populations. Participants with any outcome of CAD had a higher mean volume of EAT than those without. Accordingly, the analysis of crude associations showed that EAT volume was associated with obstructive stenosis, significant stenosis, any CAC, and MACE. Based on the analysis of adjusted associations, although attenuated, EAT volume remained associated with obstructive stenosis (OR 1.055, 95% CI 1.033–1.078; I2 = 63.5%), significant stenosis (OR 1.514, 95% CI 1.262–1.815; I2 = 51.8%), myocardial ischaemia (OR 1.062, 95% CI 1.006–1.122; I2 = 86.9%), and MACE (HR 1.040, 95% CI 1.024–1.056; I2 = 64.7%) but was only borderline significant with CAC (OR 1.007, 95% CI 1.000–1.011; I2 = 75.8%). In low-to-intermediate cardiovascular risk subjects, EAT volume was independently associated with coronary artery stenosis, myocardial ischaemia, and MACE.J.M. is supported by the Fundação Portuguesa para a Ciência e Tecnologia (SFRH/BD/104369/2014) and by the Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia (‘Bolsa de investigação João Porto’)

Dynamic Activation and Repression of the Plasmodium falciparum rif Gene Family and Their Relation to Chromatin Modification

The regulation of variant gene expression in Plasmodium falciparum is still only partially understood. Regulation of var genes, the most studied gene family involved in antigenic variation, is orchestrated by a dynamic pattern of inherited chromatin states. Although recent evidence pointed to epigenetic regulation of transcribed and repressed rif loci, little is known about specific on/off associated histone modifications of individual rif genes. To investigate the chromatin marks for transcribed and repressed rif loci, we cultivated parasites and evaluated the transcriptional status of chosen rif targets by qRT-PCR and performed ChIP assays using H3K9ac and H3K9me3 antibodies. We then monitored changes in the epigenetic patterns in parasites after several reinvasions and also evaluated the “poised” mark in trophozoites and schizonts of the same erythrocytic cycle by ChIP using H3K4me2 specific antibodies. Our results show that H3K9 is acetylated in transcribed rif loci and trimethylated or even unmodified in repressed rif loci. These transcriptional and epigenetic states are inherited after several reinvasions. The poised modification H3K4me2 showed a tendency to be more present in loci in trophozoites that upon progression to schizonts strongly transcribe the respective locus. However, this effect was not consistently observed for all monitored loci. While our data show important similarities to var transcription-associated chromatin modifications, the observed swiftly occurring modifications at rif loci and the absence of H3K9 modification point to a different dynamic of recruitment of chromatin modifying enzymes

Estresse e Burnout entre residentes multiprofissionais

OBJECTIVE: To identify associations between high-stress and burnout syndrome in multidisciplinary residents from a federal university in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. METHOD: This is an analytical, cross-sectional and quantitative study. A socio-demographic questionnaire, the Work Stress Scale and the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Health Services Survey (MBI-HSS) were applied to 37 residents between April and June 2011. P-valuesOBJETIVO: Identificar la asociación entre alto estrés y Burnout en residentes Multiprofesionales de una universidad federal de Rio Grande do Sul. MÉTODO: se trata de un estudio analítico, transversal, cuantitativo. Se aplicaron un formulario de datos socio-demográficos, la Escala de Estrés en el Trabajo y el Maslach Burnout Inventory- Health Services en 37 residentes entre Abril y Junio de 2011. Valores de pOBJETIVO: identificar a associação entre alto estresse e Burnout em residentes multiprofissionais de uma universidade federal do Rio Grande do Sul. MÉTODO: trata-se de estudo analítico, transversal, quantitativo. Aplicaram-se um formulário de dados socio demográficos, a Escala de Estresse no Trabalho e o Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) em 37 residentes entre abril e junho de 2011. Valores de