566 research outputs found

    The Role of Ethological Observation for Measuring Animal Reactions to Biotelemetry Devices

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    This paper presents a methodological approach used to assess the wearability of biotelemetry devices in animals. A detailed protocol to gather quantitative and qualitative ethological observations was adapted and tested in an experimental study of 13 cat participants wearing two different GPS devices. The aim was twofold: firstly, to ascertain the potential interference generated by the devices on the animal body and behavior by quantifying and characterizing it; secondly, to individuate device features potentially responsible for the influence registered, and establish design requirements. This research contributes towards the development of a framework for evaluating the design of wearer-centered biotelemetry interventions for animals, consistent with values advocated by Animal- Computer Interaction researchers

    Wearer-Centered Design for Animal Biotelemetry: Implementation and Wearability Test of a Prototype

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    In this paper we present an approach to designing wearer-centered biotelemetry for non-human (and human) animal wearers. Drawing from fundamental values and principles of user-centered design, we describe a wearer-centered framework to heuristically establish design requirements, which was used during a series of workshops to perform a requirements analysis for a cat-tracking device. The resulting requirements informed a feline-centered prototype whose wearability was evaluated with cat wearers. Compared to the wearability of previously tested off-the-shelf devices, our findings show an improvement and suggest that our framework-based approach can help design teams with a range of skills to systematically design for wearability

    Characterization of the transcription factor encoding gene, KlADR1: metabolic role in Kluyveromyces lactis and expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

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    In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Adr1 is a zinc-finger transcription factor involved in the transcriptional activation of ADH2. Deletion of KlADR1, its putative ortholog in Kluyveromyces lactis, led to reduced growth in glycerol, oleate and yeast extract-peptone medium suggesting, as in S. cerevisiae, its requirement for glycerol, fatty acid and nitrogen utilization. Moreover, growth comparison on yeast extract and peptone plates showed in K. lactis a KlAdr1-dependent growth trait not present in S. cerevisiae, indicating different metabolic roles of the two factors in their environmental niches. KlADR1 is required for growth under respiratory and fermentative conditions like KlADH, alcohol dehydrogenase genes necessary for metabolic adaptation during the growth transition. Using in-gel native alcohol dehydrogenase assay, we showed that this factor affected the Adh pattern by altering the balance between these activities. Since the activity most affected by KlAdr1 is KlAdh3, a deletion analysis of the KlADH3 promoter allowed the isolation of a DNA fragment through which KlAdr1 modulated its expression. The expression of the KlADR1-GFP gene allowed the intracellular localization of the factor in K. lactis and S. cerevisiae, suggesting in the two yeasts a common mechanism of KlAdr1 translocation under fermentative and respiratory conditions. Finally, the chimeric Kl/ScADR1 gene encoding the zinc- finger domains of KlAdr1 fused to the transactivating domains of the S. cerevisiae factor activated in Scadr1D the transcription of ADH2 in a ScAdr1-dependent fashion

    Cochlear implantation in deaf children and adolescents: effect on family schooling and personal well-being

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    Gender differences evaluation in charity campaigns perception by measuring neurophysiological signals and behavioural data

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    Nowadays it has clearly understood that emotions play an important role in the success of commercial advertising. Particularly, it has been observed as advertising campaigns of non-profit organizations need to create an emotional appeal in people, in order to generate a positive behavioral response. The charity sector has grown tremendously in the last decades and with it the need to create improved specific marketing strategies. The aim of the present paper is to show how the variation of the EEG frontal cortical asymmetry is related to the general appreciation perceived during the observation of a charity campaign, focusing on gender differences. With the use of neurophysiological and traditional measures, the responses of participants are evaluated through an electroencephalographic (EEG) index of approach or withdrawal motivation based on the frontal alpha asymmetry, called ApproachWithdrawal Index (AW), and an autonomic index deriving from the combination of the heart rate (HR) and the galvanic skin response (GSR) activity, called Emotional Index (EI), considered an indicator of the emotional involvement. An interview at the end of each experience reveals the behavioral data. Results show higher values for women than men of both neurophysiological indexes: for the EI with p=0,037 and for the AW index with p=0,035. The declared answers of participants at the end of the campaign demonstrate that the declared liking of women is statistically significantly higher than the declared liking of men (p=0,008). Finally, there is a correlation between the AW and the declared liking with p=0,007. Results suggest the presence of gender differences in the cognitive and emotional responses to emotion appealing charity advertisements

    Polarized Endocytosis of the Keratinocyte Growth Factor Receptor in Migrating Cells: Role of Src-Signaling and Cortactin

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    Cell migration is a physiological process that requires endocytic trafficking and polarization of adhesion molecules and receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) to the leading edge. Many growth factors are able to induce motility by binding to specific RTK on target cells. Among them, keratinocyte growth factor (KGF or FGF7) and fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF10), members of the FGF family, are motogenic for keratinocytes, and exert their action by binding to the keratinocyte growth factor receptor (KGFR), a splicing variant of FGFR2, exclusively expressed on epithelial cells. Here we analyzed the possible role of cortactin, an F-actin binding protein which is tyrosine phosphorylated by Src and is involved in KGFR-mediated cell migration, in the KGFR endocytosis and polarization to the leading edge of migrating cells upon ligand-induced stimulation. Biochemical phosphorylation study revealed that both KGF and FGF10 were able to induce tyrosine phosphorylation of Src and in turn of cortactin, as demonstrated by using the specific pharmacological Src-inhibitor SU6656, although FGF10 effect was delayed with respect to that promoted by KGF. Immunofluorescence analysis demonstrated the polarized localization of KGFR upon ligand stimulation to the leading edge of migrating keratinocytes, process that was regulated by Src. Moreover, we showed that the colocalization of cortactin with KGFR at the plasma membrane protrusions and on early endosomes after KGF and FGF10 treatment was Src-dependent. Further, by using a RNA interference approach through microinjection, we showed that cortactin is required for KGFR endocytosis and that the clathrin-dependent internalization of the receptor is a critical event for its polarization. Finally, KGFR expression and polarization enhanced cell migration in a scratch assay. Our results indicate that both Src and cortactin play a key role in the KGFR endocytosis and polarization at the leading edge of migrating keratinocytes, supporting the crucial involvement of RTK trafficking in cell motility
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